CMSRN study guide- fluids and electrolytes with complete solutions

Na+ normal range 135-145 mEq/L Na+ purposes regulates fluid volume, major EC cation, required for protein synthesis, hearts and skeletal muscle contractions 3 types hyponatremia dilutional, true hyponatremia, other reasons dilutional hyponatremia most common, transient, caused by excessive fluid intake true hyponatremia loss of water and Na+ causes of hypernatremia dehydration, diarrhea, , increased ostomy output S/S of hyponatremia lower BP, higher HR tx of hyponatremia replace Na+ and water other reasons for hyponatremia diuretics, lung cancer-SIADH, seniors/polypharmacy Hypernatremia has a loss of fluid or less fluid intake, but no loss of Na+ s/s of hypernatremia dry skin dry mouth, tachy, low urine output, weight gain, thirst causes of hypernatremia fever, heat stroke, pulmonary infections, burns, diarrhea, diabetes insipidus, excessive Na intake, high protein tube feeding, diabetes insipidus tx of hypernatremia lower the Na+, replace the fluids, watch psych meds Chloride normal range 90-110 mEq/L Chloride purpose regulates fluid in body, maintains acid-base balance, buffer esp with acidosis, main EC anion , seldom a problem electrolyte train H20 + Na + Cl K+ normal range 3.5-5.0 mEq/L purposes of K+ major intracellular cation, controls intracellular volume, regulates cell excitability, Na+/K+ pump to keep homeostasis, irritant ar neuromuscular junction, essential for muscle contraction hyperkalemia more common with cancer pt in tx, burn pt, postop pts causes of hypokalemia diarrhea, acidosis, DKA, increased K+ intake, K+ sparing diuretics s/s of hyperkalemia leg/cramps muscle weakness, arrhythmias esp changes in T and P waves, diarrhea, hyperactive bowel/bladder K+ and pH inverse relationship