Nurs 5315 UTA exam 1
1. Atrophy: E. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional
Physiologic: thymus gland in early
childhood Pathological: disuse
2. Hypertrophy: E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased
workload Physiologic:
weightlifting
Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN
3. Hyperplasia: E. Increase in cell number
P. Increased cellular
division Physiologic: liver
regeneration
Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones
4. Dysplasia: E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly
proliferation Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
1/
,5. Metaplasia: E. one cell type replaced with another
P. reprogramming of stem cells,
reversible Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette
smoke
6. Hypoxia injury: E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP
increases anaer- obic metabolism. eventual cell death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
7. Free radical and ROS: E. normal byproduct of ATP production, will
overwhelm the mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease,
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
8. Ethanol: E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and
nutritional status
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4,
inflamma- tion and fatty infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads to
2/
, liver failure irreversible
9. Oncosis: Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling. Organ increases
in weight, becomes distended and pale. Associated with high fever,
hypocalcemia, certain infections
10.Fatty Infiltration: intracellular accumulation of lipids in the liver
liver fails to metabolize lipids. usually from ETOH or high fat diet. can
lead to cirrhosis
3/
1. Atrophy: E. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional
Physiologic: thymus gland in early
childhood Pathological: disuse
2. Hypertrophy: E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased
workload Physiologic:
weightlifting
Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN
3. Hyperplasia: E. Increase in cell number
P. Increased cellular
division Physiologic: liver
regeneration
Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones
4. Dysplasia: E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly
proliferation Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
1/
,5. Metaplasia: E. one cell type replaced with another
P. reprogramming of stem cells,
reversible Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette
smoke
6. Hypoxia injury: E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP
increases anaer- obic metabolism. eventual cell death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
7. Free radical and ROS: E. normal byproduct of ATP production, will
overwhelm the mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease,
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
8. Ethanol: E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and
nutritional status
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4,
inflamma- tion and fatty infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads to
2/
, liver failure irreversible
9. Oncosis: Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling. Organ increases
in weight, becomes distended and pale. Associated with high fever,
hypocalcemia, certain infections
10.Fatty Infiltration: intracellular accumulation of lipids in the liver
liver fails to metabolize lipids. usually from ETOH or high fat diet. can
lead to cirrhosis
3/
