HESI Peds Cardiovascular Disorders 2023 Guaranteed A+ Actual Questions and Answers, Complete 100%

HESI Peds Cardiovascular Disorders 2023 Guaranteed A+ Actual Questions and Answers, Complete 100% 1. Congenital heart disorders Heart anomalies that develop in UTERO and manifest at birth or shortly Thereafter -they may be categorized as: Answer: ACYANOTIC: ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), coarctation of aorta, aortic stenosis (AS) or CYANOTIC: tetrology of fallot, truncus arteriosus, tranposition of great vessels: Acyantotic include: L to R shunts or INCREASED PULMONARY blood flow Obstructive defects Cyanotic include: R to L shunts or DECREASED pulmonary blood flow Mixed blood flow 2. ACYANOTIC HEART DEFECTS **Ventricular septal defect (VSD; increased pulmonary blood flow)** a. there is a HOLE between the ventricles b. oxygenated blood from LEFT ventricle is shunted to RIGHT ventricle and RECIRCULATED to the lungs c. small defects may close spontaneously d. large defects cause Eisenmenger syndrome or congestive heart failure and require surgical closures: Answer: **Atrial septal defect** (ASD; Increased pulmonary blood flow) a. there is a hole between the atria b. oxygenated blood from L atrium shunted to R atrium and lungs C. most defects do not compromise children seriously d. surgical closure is recommended BEFORE SCHOOL age. it can lead to significant problems, such as congestive HF or atrial dysrhythmias later in life if not corrected 3. ACYANOTIC HEART DEFECTS **Patent ductus arteriosus** (PDA: increased pulmonary blood flow) a. there is an abnormal opening between the aorta and the pulmonary artery b. it usually closes with 72 hrs after birth** c. if it remains patent, oxygenated blood from AORTA returns to the PULMONARYARTERY d. INCREASED blood flow to the lungs causes PULMONARY HTN e. it may require medical intervention with INDOMETHACIN (INDOCIN) administration or surgical closure: Answer: **coarctation of aorta** (OBSTRUCTION of blood flow from ventricles) a. there is an obstructive NARROWING of the aorta b. the most common sites are the aortic valve and the aorta near the ductus arteriosus c. a common finding is HTN IN UPPER EXTREMS and DECREASED or ABSENT pulses in lower extrems d. it may require surgical correction