NUR 160 Exam 2, HONDROS | 98 Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

Hypokalemia and lasix - If pt is Hypokalemic, report to RN before giving Lasix Hypervolemia Causes - CKD, liver disease, cirrhosis, CHF, increased salt intake, COPD Hypervolemia Signs and symptoms - Headache, Confusion, Nausea, Vomiting, Coma Hypovolemia Causes - Vomiting, DM, fever, heat exposure, exercise, no water access, significant injury to skin Moat accurate assessment of water balance - daily weights in similar clothing, same scale, same time- plus or minus 2 lbs per day, plus or minus 5 lbs a week Potassium (K+) - 3.5-5 Hyperkalemia causes - AKD, CKD, severe injuries, supplementation Hyperkalemia signs and symptoms - muscle fatigue, weakness, arrhythmia, irritability, Nausea, death Hypokalemia causes - diuretics. Diarrhea, excessive sweating, laxatives, ketoacidosis, alcohol abuse Hypokalemia signs and symptoms - muscle cramps, abdominal distention, constipation, arrhythmia Renal Pt Diet - low potassium-no potatoes, oranges, bananas, leafy green veggies, apples, avocados Sodium (Na+) - 135-145Hypernatremia Causes - too much salt, rapid infusion of saline, antacids, increased dairy consumption