Patho Rutgers ABSN Exam 1 questions with correct answers

Type 1 hypersensitivity Answer patio/etiology: the release of chemical mediators causes an inflammatory response. When an antigen is present, the body makes IgE antibodies against it that bind to the mast cell. Upon second exposure the antigen (allergen) will bind to the IgE antibodies and cause the release of chemical mediators. Histamine is the most important mediator. It causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, hives and pruritus Clinical manifestations: hives, seasonal stuffy nose (rhiutus), eczema, throat constriction, wheezing, edema, and in severe cases anaphylaxis. Treatment: corticosteroids, antihistamines, beta adrenergics, anticholinergenics, IgE therapy (to prevent binding of IgE to mast cells) and epinephrine (epi pen) Type 2 Hypersensitivity Answer pato/etiology: is tissue specific and causes immediate reaction. antibodies attack specific antigens on the surface of cells causing lysis. Mediated by IgM Clinical manifestations: ABO transfusions, hemolytic disease of the newborn, graves disease. myasthenia graves Myasthetnia Gravis Answer path/etiology: the acetylcholine receptor is blocked and thus prevents the binding of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Clinical manifestations: muscle weakness, difficulty breathing, ptosis (droopy eye) and double vision Graves disease Answer example of