C484 - Organizational Behavior and Leadership Exam Review. Full Coverage. Latest update.

C484 - Organizational Behavior and Leadership Exam Review. Full Coverage. Latest update. PERSONALITY - -Gordon Allport said personality is "the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment" HEREDITY - -factors determined at conception. MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR - -the most widely used personality assessment in the world. Includes scales on introversion/extroversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling and judging/perceiving. THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY MODEL - -personality typing instrument which includes extraversion, agreeableness, Conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience. MACHIAVELLIANISM- (Mach) - -the degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes the end justifies the means. NARCISSISM - -the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement. SELF-MONITORING - -a personality trait that measures an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors. PROACTIVE PERSONALITY - -people identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs. VALUES - -basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence. TERMINAL VALUES - -desirable end-states of existence; the goals a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime. INSTRUMENTAL VALUES - -preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one's terminal values. POWER DISTANCE - -a national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally. PERCEPTION - -a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. ATTRIBUTION THEORY - -an attempt to determine whether an individual's behavior is internally or externally caused. FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR - -the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others. SELF-SERVING BIAS - -the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors and put the blame for failures on external factors. SELECTIVE PERCEPTION - -the tendency to selectively interpret what one sees on the basis of one's interests, background, experience and attitude. HALO EFFECT - -the tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic. CONTRAST EFFECT - -evaluation of a person's characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics. STEREOTYPING - -judging someone on the basis on one's perception of the group to which that person belongs. SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY - -a situation in which a person inaccurately perceives a second person, and the resulting expectations cause the second person to behave in ways consistent with the original perception. RATIONAL DECISION- MAKING MODEL - -a decision-making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to maximize some outcomes. BOUNDED RATIONALITY - -a process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity. INTUITION DECISION-MAKING - -an unconscious process distilled out of distilled experience. ANCHORING BIAS - -a tendency to fixate on initial information from which one then fails to adequately adjust for subsequent