CPO EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2023

CPO EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2023 reducing hazards - CORRECT ANSWER-prevention is the best option water contamination - CORRECT ANSWER-1. fecal related (crypto, giardia, shigella, e coli, adenovirus, hepatitis A) 2. non-fecal (pseudomonas aeruginosa, swimmer's ear, legionella pneumophila, molluspioxvirus, planter's warts, athlete's foot) CDC - CORRECT ANSWER-Center for Disease Control Prevention solid fecal incident - CORRECT ANSWER-remove people, pH between 7.2-7.5, raise chlorine 2.0 ppm, 30 minute break diarrhea - CORRECT ANSWER-remove people, pH 7.2-7.5, raise chlorine to 20.0 ppm (12.75 hrs), after backwash filters, raise chlorine to normal, then re-open pool handling contaminated material - CORRECT ANSWER-wear gloves, remove excess, disinfect all surfaces, follow guidelines of disposal & wash hands prevention practices - CORRECT ANSWER-1. maintain proper disinfectant levels at all times 2. have kids use bathroom before 3. swimmer's shower before swimming 4. prohibit swimming with wounds/sores 5. work with local health department disinfection - CORRECT ANSWER-aka sanitation=destroying microorganisms; consider chemical safety & storage space when considering a disinfectant oxidation - CORRECT ANSWER-process of changing a chemical structure of contaminants to remove from water (turn into simple gases); affected by: pH, temperature, environmental wastes & bather contamination what is the most common disinfectant used - CORRECT ANSWER-chlorine chlorine compounds - CORRECT ANSWER-1. organic (trichlor and dichlor); contain cyanuric acid; stabilized 2. inorganic (calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, chlorine gas); no cyanuric acid; unstabalized, but can be stabilized with acid; sensitive to light cyanuric acid - CORRECT ANSWER-30-50 ppm; decreases breakdown of chlorine because UV radiation (10x as strong) chemistry of chlorine - CORRECT ANSWER-when a chlorine compound is introduced to water this leads to a chemical reaction which creates either hypochlorous acid (kills microorganisms) or hypochlorite ion (inactive form of chlorine) types of chlorine - CORRECT ANSWER-free (available for disinfection), combined, or total DPD tests - CORRECT ANSWER-measure of free chlorine; kits or strip tests; see different shades of reds acceptable range of free chlorine - CORRECT ANSWER-1.0-5.0ppm combined chlorine (chloramines) - CORRECT ANSWER-free chlorine plus ammonia or nitrogen containing organic compounds (chemical bond); no longer an effective disinfectant (may cause odor, etc.); ideal amount should be 0 (allowed amount= 0.2 ppm in pools or 0.5 ppm in spas) bromine - CORRECT ANSWER-disinfectant in pools/spas-good algicidal properties--not as good oxidizer--tablets or sodium bromine ozone - CORRECT ANSWER-disinfectant in pools/spas; must be used with chlorine or bromine; can't be transported; leaves no residue in water; produced by ultra violet light or corona discharge water balance - CORRECT ANSWER-correct ratio of mineral content and pH to prevent pool water from being corrosive/scaly; protects pool from chemical erosion factors that contribute to water balance - CORRECT ANSWER-pH, alkalinity, calcium hardness, temperature, total dissolved solids pH - CORRECT ANSWER-proteins hydrogen; most impact on balanced water; measured by acid vs. base: 0-14 (0=acidic, 14=base, 7=neutral); 6 has 10x the pH of 7, 7 has 10x the pH of 8, etc. pool pH - CORRECT ANSWER-should be slightly above neutral; most compatible range=7.2 and 7.8; ideal=7.4 and 7.6; lower the pH, the more effective total alkalinity - CORRECT ANSWER-measure of ability of water to resist changes in pH (w/o can have dramatic high and lows); prevent pH bounce; acceptable range=60 to 180 ppm/ ideal range=80 to 120ppm low total alkalinity - CORRECT ANSWER-from pH fluctuation & may need to ne adjusted if cyanuric acid(CYA) is present; high TA=hard to make chemical change to adjust TA - CORRECT ANSWER-TA-(CYA/3) calcium hardness - CORRECT ANSWER-low=corrosive water/high=scaling water; can be raised by using a calcium chloride or calcium hypochlorite as a disinfectant; to lower: drain or dilute water; acceptable level=150/ ideal=200 to 400ppm temperature - CORRECT ANSWER-physical effect; affects solubility of chemicals; most soluble as temperature rises; calcium more soluble as temperature falls higher temperatures - CORRECT ANSWER-scaling conditions lower temperatures - CORRECT ANSWER-corrosive conditions total dissolved solids (TDS) - CORRECT ANSWER-all minerals dissolved in water ("age"); "old" water has more contaminants than "new"; may effect solubility or effectiveness of disinfectants Langelier saturation index (SI) - CORRECT ANSWER-determines if water is corrosive, scale forming or balanced; pH + temp + calcium hardness + TA - TDS (if in between, go to next highest value) to make corrections in SI to unbalanced water - CORRECT ANSWER-must be in ideal range(-0.3 to +0.3); make changes to pH(2nd), calcium hardness(3rd), & total alkalinity(1st) to fix most common water problems - CORRECT ANSWER-algae, alkalinity, chlorine, calcium hardness, poor clarity maintenance of pool water chemistry - CORRECT ANSWER-test and compare to standard; 3 types of chemical adjustments: 1. product label dosage 2. product label chemical adjustment (ppm) 3. no product label carbon dioxide - CORRECT ANSWER-lowers pH while raising TA (safer than most acids to use) algaecides - CORRECT ANSWER-used to eliminate algae from pool water; quaternary, polymeric, & metallic (copper) 2 types of stain removers - CORRECT ANSWER-1. cheating: bond the materials into larger compounds that can be removed through filtration 2. sequestering agents: used to form a complex that will precipitate from solution to remove metal from water water clarifiers - CORRECT ANSWER-clear cloudy water (temporary solution)