Introduction to Biochemistry with correct answers

Introduction to Biochemistry atom - correct answer The basic unit of matter. protons - correct answer subatomic particle with positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom neutrons - correct answer subatomic particle with no charge (neutral) found in the nucleus of an atom electrons - correct answer subatomic particle with negative charge found in energy levels outside the nucleus valence electrons - correct answer electrons found in the outermost energy level that are involved with bonding element - correct answer pure substance, consisting of only 1 type of atom (like sodium) compound - correct answer substance formed from the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions isotope - correct answer atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons ion - correct answer charged atom formed when atom either loses electron(s) (and becomes + charged) or gains electron(s) becoming negatively charged ionic bonds - correct answer involve a transfer of electrons and produces ions. Happens only between metals and nonmetals covalent bonds - correct answer electrons are shared between atoms. Occurs between two nonmetals or in diatomic molecules. chemical reaction - correct answer process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances chemical equation - correct answer chemical formulas and symbols describe the substances in the reaction and arrows indicate the process of change reactants - correct answer starting substances in a chemical reaction found on the left side of the (arrow) equation products - correct answer substances formed during the reaction and found on the right side of the (arrow) chemical equation activation energy - correct answer the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction enzyme - correct answer a special type of protein called a catalyst because it speeds up a chemical reactions in cells by lowering the activation energy substrate - correct answer the item that the enzyme catalyzes active site - correct answer the spot on the substrate where the enzyme "fits" or bonds; enzymes are specific and act like a lock in a key fitting into the active site on the substrate polarity - correct answer the uneven distribution of electrons between atoms in a covalent bond; water is polar- the hydrogen end is slightly positive and the oxygen end is slightly negative cohesion - correct answer molecules of water are attracted to each other due to the polarity of the water molecule/example: surface tension of water adhesion - correct answer when water molecules are attracted to molecules of other substances/example: water on the sides of a graduated cylinder or capillary action mixtures - correct answer two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together, but not chmically combined and they can be separated physically solution - correct answer homogeneous mixture/ the same throughout examples koolaid, saltwater solute - correct answer substance being dissolved like salt in salt water usually the smaller amount solvent - correct answer substance that dissolves usually the larger amount like water in saltwater in fact water is called the universal solvent because it can dissolve so many things acid - correct answer substance that releases hydrogen ions in solution/they measure below 7 on pH scale/ the lower the pH, the stronger the acid base - correct answer substance that releases hydroxide ions in solution/ pH above 7 higher the number the stronger the base pH scale - correct answer indicates the concentration of H+ ions in a solution 7 is neutral, above 7 is basic, below is acidic carbohydrates - correct answer composition: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen function:main source of (immediate) energy and used for structural purposes carbohydrates - correct answer sugars (saccharides) and starches also known as monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides lipids - correct answer examples: steroids, fats, oils, and waxes composition mostly carbon and hydrogen function: to store energy and waterproof coverings nucleic acids - correct answer examples: DNA & RNA function: to store and transmit genetic information proteins - correct answer examples: enzymes function: somes control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes; some used to form bones and muscles; others transport substances into or out of cells or help fight disease building blocks (monomers) of proteins - correct answer amino acids building blocks of nucleic acids - correct answer nucleotides building blocks of carbohydrates - correct answer monosaccharides (simple sugars) glucose Substance with pH of 6 would be a - correct answer acid substance with a pH of 7.5 would be - correct answer slightly basic the atomic number tells you.... - correct answer the number of protons an atom has and if the atom isn't charged (not an ion) also the number of electrons How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom? - correct answer mass number - atomic number