16/0312022 obedience
obedrence is when an indindual fallows orders from another idividual
¾ indinduals giving orders wntusuauy be a figuie of authority
eg) power ; knowledge ; social roie; relation to individual
• Milgram was interested in Nat Germany
Milgam 11963) aums to study how easiy someone would obey to an auchornyg figure,
o the extent that they could potentiauy physicauy harm someone
sample consisted of 40maie Amencan pamtapants who were recruited througha
newspaper advert to be tested on theu memory
⅔ lab experiment took pait at the prestigious yale university
parhapant was always the reacher
two confedrates consisted of awways being the expenmenter and a pantapant
who was the Leamer
i t was made clear at the Stant of the experiment that the panupant could
Leave the experiment at ang ame
reamer was strapped ito achau and electrodes wued rothem in a room next doce
'teacher was instructed to admunts increasing electnc shocks evely time the
leamer made d mistake i recaunng parrs of words
+ the shocks were not leal the confederate leamer acted os f they were being
shocked, with a shock being adminuteled to the teacher to make appecs real
shock level staited at Svalls, lising to dangerous sevele Shock of 460 vouti
? at
315 wouts the conrederale leamer would bang on the wall and scream out
when the teacher pelt unsule o continuing the confederate expenmenter used
four genenc prods
29) "please continue
egi*the experiment lequues you to cantinue
eq) "it is essential that you contiue
eg) yout have no other choice, youm
,22103/2022
ast 300 vouts
• 12.5 :/ of patticcpants_ stopped at 300 soutt
65/ of participants continued to the highest voltage LEveL Of 450 VOLLS
a quautative data was coue ed through observation, with pattiupants
showing signs of distiess and tensic
?conclude inat adinary peopie ale ukely to foucw diders given by aurnouat
figures, even to the extent of Kiling an innocent human being
it is clear peopie tend to obey Orders from other people if they iecognise their
authorty ai morauy right cr Legauy bared
supporting research fram hopung at al l1966)
? Hopling et al ciq6ll conducted a nuse study which provides reuabiuny for
obedrence findings _
" created a more reausnc study of abecuence by cairyig out freld stucres on
nurses who were unawae that they were mvoiued in an expenment
proceduie invaived a naturaustc freld experiment, involving 22 real night nure
≥ a stooge Dr.smith phones the nurses at hospital on 22 separate occasions and
asKs them to see f they have the diug asrroten (dug was a placebo)
a nurses checks and repoits to Doctar wha teur them to adminster 20mg
f the dug patent ML Jones' despite seeing the maximum dosaget
Smith was in a desperate hurry and waud Sign the author sation fom
when he came to see lu Jones tateion
the nurses administered the drug, they would have bracen haspital tuies
eg nar anawed to accept instr over phone
eq) dose was double the stated on bax
eq) mediune is unauthorised, as not on waurd stock ust
> 21/22 nurse were easuy influenced into carrying out the aiders
Hopung demonstrated that people cre very unwitting to question suppared
authonty even when mey might have good reason to
, 22103/2022
low internat vaudtys
2 in the tab expenment, omne and Houand (1968) propased that the studtion i a s
litficial and not real and the parupants knew
2 partcupants guessed that the electric shocks could not have been tea, hence
going to hugher vaitages
this means Migram was not testing obedience, rather testing demand characterstcs
>iater examination of recordings of study demonstrates some of the paitcpants
expressing doubts abaut shocks
¾ therefore, Mulgram was not truly resting obedience which lowers internal vaudly
ethical issues:
_ Milgram deceived partuupants as they beleved they were taking patt in a study
on houl punishment asrects learning rather than abeduence
parhupanis were decewved in the audcation of raes, which was already
pre - detemuned
pamhupants wele expoied to extremely stressful situations that had the potennal
to cause psycharogicat haim
many of the pamncipants shawed St s op being visubly dishessed
eg tension; trembung ; sweating; Stuttering ; laughing nervaunyi biting ups,
therefore, research is considered unacceptabie as it daes nat adhele to Bfs etnical
guideunes due to paitcpants h being protected from paychalogicat hamm and
being deceived
sample bias:
⅔ sample consisted of 40 mauie Americc which means gender bias accurted and
ults cannot be generauised to cu peopie
the smail sampie was not representatve of au westem indiuduau
collectivist culture have not been dered and in theory should obey more
due to vatues placed cr
therefore, there are external vaudity issues
research tacka population vaudrt
obedrence is when an indindual fallows orders from another idividual
¾ indinduals giving orders wntusuauy be a figuie of authority
eg) power ; knowledge ; social roie; relation to individual
• Milgram was interested in Nat Germany
Milgam 11963) aums to study how easiy someone would obey to an auchornyg figure,
o the extent that they could potentiauy physicauy harm someone
sample consisted of 40maie Amencan pamtapants who were recruited througha
newspaper advert to be tested on theu memory
⅔ lab experiment took pait at the prestigious yale university
parhapant was always the reacher
two confedrates consisted of awways being the expenmenter and a pantapant
who was the Leamer
i t was made clear at the Stant of the experiment that the panupant could
Leave the experiment at ang ame
reamer was strapped ito achau and electrodes wued rothem in a room next doce
'teacher was instructed to admunts increasing electnc shocks evely time the
leamer made d mistake i recaunng parrs of words
+ the shocks were not leal the confederate leamer acted os f they were being
shocked, with a shock being adminuteled to the teacher to make appecs real
shock level staited at Svalls, lising to dangerous sevele Shock of 460 vouti
? at
315 wouts the conrederale leamer would bang on the wall and scream out
when the teacher pelt unsule o continuing the confederate expenmenter used
four genenc prods
29) "please continue
egi*the experiment lequues you to cantinue
eq) "it is essential that you contiue
eg) yout have no other choice, youm
,22103/2022
ast 300 vouts
• 12.5 :/ of patticcpants_ stopped at 300 soutt
65/ of participants continued to the highest voltage LEveL Of 450 VOLLS
a quautative data was coue ed through observation, with pattiupants
showing signs of distiess and tensic
?conclude inat adinary peopie ale ukely to foucw diders given by aurnouat
figures, even to the extent of Kiling an innocent human being
it is clear peopie tend to obey Orders from other people if they iecognise their
authorty ai morauy right cr Legauy bared
supporting research fram hopung at al l1966)
? Hopling et al ciq6ll conducted a nuse study which provides reuabiuny for
obedrence findings _
" created a more reausnc study of abecuence by cairyig out freld stucres on
nurses who were unawae that they were mvoiued in an expenment
proceduie invaived a naturaustc freld experiment, involving 22 real night nure
≥ a stooge Dr.smith phones the nurses at hospital on 22 separate occasions and
asKs them to see f they have the diug asrroten (dug was a placebo)
a nurses checks and repoits to Doctar wha teur them to adminster 20mg
f the dug patent ML Jones' despite seeing the maximum dosaget
Smith was in a desperate hurry and waud Sign the author sation fom
when he came to see lu Jones tateion
the nurses administered the drug, they would have bracen haspital tuies
eg nar anawed to accept instr over phone
eq) dose was double the stated on bax
eq) mediune is unauthorised, as not on waurd stock ust
> 21/22 nurse were easuy influenced into carrying out the aiders
Hopung demonstrated that people cre very unwitting to question suppared
authonty even when mey might have good reason to
, 22103/2022
low internat vaudtys
2 in the tab expenment, omne and Houand (1968) propased that the studtion i a s
litficial and not real and the parupants knew
2 partcupants guessed that the electric shocks could not have been tea, hence
going to hugher vaitages
this means Migram was not testing obedience, rather testing demand characterstcs
>iater examination of recordings of study demonstrates some of the paitcpants
expressing doubts abaut shocks
¾ therefore, Mulgram was not truly resting obedience which lowers internal vaudly
ethical issues:
_ Milgram deceived partuupants as they beleved they were taking patt in a study
on houl punishment asrects learning rather than abeduence
parhupanis were decewved in the audcation of raes, which was already
pre - detemuned
pamhupants wele expoied to extremely stressful situations that had the potennal
to cause psycharogicat haim
many of the pamncipants shawed St s op being visubly dishessed
eg tension; trembung ; sweating; Stuttering ; laughing nervaunyi biting ups,
therefore, research is considered unacceptabie as it daes nat adhele to Bfs etnical
guideunes due to paitcpants h being protected from paychalogicat hamm and
being deceived
sample bias:
⅔ sample consisted of 40 mauie Americc which means gender bias accurted and
ults cannot be generauised to cu peopie
the smail sampie was not representatve of au westem indiuduau
collectivist culture have not been dered and in theory should obey more
due to vatues placed cr
therefore, there are external vaudity issues
research tacka population vaudrt
