NR-324 Adult Health I
NR324 Exam 1
Do potassium levels increase or decrease in alkalosis?
Decrease
What acid base imbalance is hyperkalemia frequently associated with?
Metabolic acidosis
What are respiratory diseases caused by?
1. Impaired oxygenation (hypoxia)
2. Impaired elimination of CO2 (respiratory acidosis)
What does wheezing signify?
Airways are narrowing
What does rhonchi signify?
Increased amount of mucous in lungs
What does rales/crackles signify?
Increased fluid in airways
,Early or late signs of hypoxia?
- Restlessness
- Anxiety
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnea
- Pallor
- Mild hypertension
- Agitation
- Dyspnea on exertion
- Apprehension
- Nasal flaring
- Respiratory alkalosis
Early
Early or late signs of hypoxia?
- Decreased LOC
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Dyspnea at rest
- Combativeness
- Pause for breath between words
- Cool, clammy skin
- Use of accessory muscles
- Retractions
- Respiratory acidosis
Late
What is the best vital sign indicator of effective treatment in patients who have
impaired oxygenation?
Oxygen saturation
pH: 7.30
CO2: 30
HCO3: 14
Metabolic acidosis
, pH: 7.47
CO2: 31
HCO3: 20
Respiratory alkalosis
What to do if a patient is having a hard time breathing?
- HOB up
- Apply oxygen
- Administer bronchodilator if patient is wheezing
- Assess vital signs
- Assess lung sounds
Bronchoscopy
Invasive procedure that allows direct examination of the larynx,
trachea, and bronchi
Before:
- Need informed consent
After:
- NPO until gag reflex is checked to prevent aspiration
- Monitor VS
- Assess for bleeding
Asthma attack
Expiratory airflow is trapped and alveoli hyperinflates
- Airways narrow
- Increased mucosal edema
- Increased mucous secretion
What is used in acute asthma attacks?
Albuterol; it is a bronchodilator
NR324 Exam 1
Do potassium levels increase or decrease in alkalosis?
Decrease
What acid base imbalance is hyperkalemia frequently associated with?
Metabolic acidosis
What are respiratory diseases caused by?
1. Impaired oxygenation (hypoxia)
2. Impaired elimination of CO2 (respiratory acidosis)
What does wheezing signify?
Airways are narrowing
What does rhonchi signify?
Increased amount of mucous in lungs
What does rales/crackles signify?
Increased fluid in airways
,Early or late signs of hypoxia?
- Restlessness
- Anxiety
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnea
- Pallor
- Mild hypertension
- Agitation
- Dyspnea on exertion
- Apprehension
- Nasal flaring
- Respiratory alkalosis
Early
Early or late signs of hypoxia?
- Decreased LOC
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Dyspnea at rest
- Combativeness
- Pause for breath between words
- Cool, clammy skin
- Use of accessory muscles
- Retractions
- Respiratory acidosis
Late
What is the best vital sign indicator of effective treatment in patients who have
impaired oxygenation?
Oxygen saturation
pH: 7.30
CO2: 30
HCO3: 14
Metabolic acidosis
, pH: 7.47
CO2: 31
HCO3: 20
Respiratory alkalosis
What to do if a patient is having a hard time breathing?
- HOB up
- Apply oxygen
- Administer bronchodilator if patient is wheezing
- Assess vital signs
- Assess lung sounds
Bronchoscopy
Invasive procedure that allows direct examination of the larynx,
trachea, and bronchi
Before:
- Need informed consent
After:
- NPO until gag reflex is checked to prevent aspiration
- Monitor VS
- Assess for bleeding
Asthma attack
Expiratory airflow is trapped and alveoli hyperinflates
- Airways narrow
- Increased mucosal edema
- Increased mucous secretion
What is used in acute asthma attacks?
Albuterol; it is a bronchodilator
