Materiaalleer 3
Hoofdstuk 3: hout
Deel Dries Posen_2022-2023
Inhoud
Anatomie .............................................................................................................................................................. 3
Houtcel ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
Structuur................................................................................................................................................... 3
- Weefseltypes ........................................................................................................................................ 3
- Verschillende lagen .............................................................................................................................. 4
→ Weefseltypes ................................................................................................................................................ 4
Transportweefsel ...................................................................................................................................... 4
- Houtvaten (loofhout)............................................................................................................................ 4
- Tracheïden (naaldhout) = ook steunweefsel!!...................................................................................... 5
Voedselopslagweefsel .............................................................................................................................. 5
- Houtstralen (loofhout + naaldhout) ..................................................................................................... 5
- Axiaal parenchym (loofhout + naaldhout) ........................................................................................... 6
Steunweefsel ............................................................................................................................................ 7
- Houtvezel (loofhout)............................................................................................................................. 7
Andere kenmerken ............................................................................................................................................... 7
Kern & spinthout ...................................................................................................................................... 7
Groeizones (jaarringen) ............................................................................................................................ 8
Hars en gomgangen .................................................................................................................................. 9
Draad ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
Nerf ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
Tekening ................................................................................................................................................. 10
Glans ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
Inhoudstoffen ......................................................................................................................................... 10
Houtsoorten & toepassingen ............................................................................................................................. 11
Tropische houtsoorten ........................................................................................................................... 11
Buitenschrijnwerk ................................................................................................................................... 11
Fysische eigenschappen ..................................................................................................................................... 11
Volumieke massa .................................................................................................................................... 11
Vochtgehalte .......................................................................................................................................... 11
- Drogen ................................................................................................................................................ 11
- Hysteresis ........................................................................................................................................... 12
- Krimpen & zwellen .............................................................................................................................. 12
Pagina 1 van 18
, Zaagwijzen .............................................................................................................................................. 12
Natuurlijke duurzaamheid .................................................................................................................................. 13
Duurzaamheidsklassen ........................................................................................................................... 13
Hout aantastende organismen ........................................................................................................................... 13
Levensvoorwaarden schimmels: hoe ontstaan ze? ................................................................................ 13
Hout aantastende schimmels ................................................................................................................. 13
- Schimmels levende boom ................................................................................................................... 13
- Schimmels gezaagd & verwerkt hout.................................................................................................. 13
Hout aantastende insecten .................................................................................................................... 15
- Nathoutboorders ................................................................................................................................ 15
- Drooghoutboorders ............................................................................................................................ 15
- Levenscyclus hout aantastende insecten ............................................................................................ 15
Voorzorgsmaatregelen tegen aantasting v. schimmels/insecten ........................................................... 16
Gevelbekledingen ............................................................................................................................................... 16
Vereisten voor hout buiten .................................................................................................................... 16
Kleurverschillen ...................................................................................................................................... 16
Uitklikken................................................................................................................................................ 17
Schimmelvorming ................................................................................................................................... 17
Houten terrassen................................................................................................................................................ 17
Productontwikkeling met hout ........................................................................................................................... 17
Thermisch gemodificeerd hout............................................................................................................... 17
CLT-panelen ............................................................................................................................................ 17
Systimber houtschakelbouw .................................................................................................................. 18
Paal- & balkbouw + invulling .................................................................................................................. 18
Pagina 2 van 18
, Anatomie
Houtcel
- Verschillend v. soort tot soort
- Opbouw: v. buiten n. binnen
∙ Middellamel
∙ Primaire wand: heel dun vliesje
∙ Secundaire wand: w in 3 stappen opgebouwd
→ S1 / S2 / S3
= Dikste
→ Zitten alle goede eig. + problemen v.h. hout
→ Moleculenstructuur zit als veer rond cel
◦ Zorgt voor elastische werking hout
∙ Celholte
Structuur
- Weefseltypes LOOFHOUT NAALDHOUT
Transportweefsel Houtvaten Tracheïden
= Saptransport voor
bladeren/naalden
Voedselopslagweefsel Houtstralen (in dikte hout) Houtstralen (in dikte hout)
= In 2 richtingen (dikte + lengte) Axiaal parenchym (in lengte hout) Axiaal parenchym (in lengte hout)
Steunweefsel Houtvezel Tracheïden
= Verhout deel dat zorgt dat → 2 functies bij naaldhout
boom blijft staan
- Weefseltypes in alle richtingen v.h. hout zichtb. (hout = 3D)
∙ Kopshout
◦ Transversaal vlak
∙ Kwartier hout
◦ Radiaal vlak
◦ In richting v.h. hart
◦ Evenwijdige lijnen
Pagina 3 van 18
Hoofdstuk 3: hout
Deel Dries Posen_2022-2023
Inhoud
Anatomie .............................................................................................................................................................. 3
Houtcel ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
Structuur................................................................................................................................................... 3
- Weefseltypes ........................................................................................................................................ 3
- Verschillende lagen .............................................................................................................................. 4
→ Weefseltypes ................................................................................................................................................ 4
Transportweefsel ...................................................................................................................................... 4
- Houtvaten (loofhout)............................................................................................................................ 4
- Tracheïden (naaldhout) = ook steunweefsel!!...................................................................................... 5
Voedselopslagweefsel .............................................................................................................................. 5
- Houtstralen (loofhout + naaldhout) ..................................................................................................... 5
- Axiaal parenchym (loofhout + naaldhout) ........................................................................................... 6
Steunweefsel ............................................................................................................................................ 7
- Houtvezel (loofhout)............................................................................................................................. 7
Andere kenmerken ............................................................................................................................................... 7
Kern & spinthout ...................................................................................................................................... 7
Groeizones (jaarringen) ............................................................................................................................ 8
Hars en gomgangen .................................................................................................................................. 9
Draad ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
Nerf ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
Tekening ................................................................................................................................................. 10
Glans ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
Inhoudstoffen ......................................................................................................................................... 10
Houtsoorten & toepassingen ............................................................................................................................. 11
Tropische houtsoorten ........................................................................................................................... 11
Buitenschrijnwerk ................................................................................................................................... 11
Fysische eigenschappen ..................................................................................................................................... 11
Volumieke massa .................................................................................................................................... 11
Vochtgehalte .......................................................................................................................................... 11
- Drogen ................................................................................................................................................ 11
- Hysteresis ........................................................................................................................................... 12
- Krimpen & zwellen .............................................................................................................................. 12
Pagina 1 van 18
, Zaagwijzen .............................................................................................................................................. 12
Natuurlijke duurzaamheid .................................................................................................................................. 13
Duurzaamheidsklassen ........................................................................................................................... 13
Hout aantastende organismen ........................................................................................................................... 13
Levensvoorwaarden schimmels: hoe ontstaan ze? ................................................................................ 13
Hout aantastende schimmels ................................................................................................................. 13
- Schimmels levende boom ................................................................................................................... 13
- Schimmels gezaagd & verwerkt hout.................................................................................................. 13
Hout aantastende insecten .................................................................................................................... 15
- Nathoutboorders ................................................................................................................................ 15
- Drooghoutboorders ............................................................................................................................ 15
- Levenscyclus hout aantastende insecten ............................................................................................ 15
Voorzorgsmaatregelen tegen aantasting v. schimmels/insecten ........................................................... 16
Gevelbekledingen ............................................................................................................................................... 16
Vereisten voor hout buiten .................................................................................................................... 16
Kleurverschillen ...................................................................................................................................... 16
Uitklikken................................................................................................................................................ 17
Schimmelvorming ................................................................................................................................... 17
Houten terrassen................................................................................................................................................ 17
Productontwikkeling met hout ........................................................................................................................... 17
Thermisch gemodificeerd hout............................................................................................................... 17
CLT-panelen ............................................................................................................................................ 17
Systimber houtschakelbouw .................................................................................................................. 18
Paal- & balkbouw + invulling .................................................................................................................. 18
Pagina 2 van 18
, Anatomie
Houtcel
- Verschillend v. soort tot soort
- Opbouw: v. buiten n. binnen
∙ Middellamel
∙ Primaire wand: heel dun vliesje
∙ Secundaire wand: w in 3 stappen opgebouwd
→ S1 / S2 / S3
= Dikste
→ Zitten alle goede eig. + problemen v.h. hout
→ Moleculenstructuur zit als veer rond cel
◦ Zorgt voor elastische werking hout
∙ Celholte
Structuur
- Weefseltypes LOOFHOUT NAALDHOUT
Transportweefsel Houtvaten Tracheïden
= Saptransport voor
bladeren/naalden
Voedselopslagweefsel Houtstralen (in dikte hout) Houtstralen (in dikte hout)
= In 2 richtingen (dikte + lengte) Axiaal parenchym (in lengte hout) Axiaal parenchym (in lengte hout)
Steunweefsel Houtvezel Tracheïden
= Verhout deel dat zorgt dat → 2 functies bij naaldhout
boom blijft staan
- Weefseltypes in alle richtingen v.h. hout zichtb. (hout = 3D)
∙ Kopshout
◦ Transversaal vlak
∙ Kwartier hout
◦ Radiaal vlak
◦ In richting v.h. hart
◦ Evenwijdige lijnen
Pagina 3 van 18
