WGU C952 Terms- Solved

SISD - ANSWER-Single Instruction Single Data; uniprocessor SIMD - ANSWER-Same Instruction Many Data streams MIMD - ANSWER-Many Instructions Many Data streams SPMD - ANSWER-Single Program, multiple data streams DRAM - ANSWER-Dynamic random access memory: memory built as chip. Random access to any location. SRAM - ANSWER-Static Random Access Memory: memory built as chip, faster and less dense than DRAM Spatial locality - ANSWER-locality principle stating that if data location is referenced, data locations with nearby addresses will tend to referenced soon Temporal locality - ANSWER-local principle stating data location is referenced then it will tend to be referenced again soon Superscalar - ANSWER-advanced pipeline technique that enables the processor to execute more than one instruction per clock cycle by selecting them during execution Amdahl's Law - ANSWER-performance enhancement possible with given improvement is limited by amount the improved feature is used. Weak Scaling - ANSWER-speed up achieved while increasing the size of the problem proportionally to the increase in # of processors Strong Scaling - ANSWER-speed up achieved without increasing size of problem TLB - ANSWER-Translation-Lookaside Buffer: cache that keeps track of recently used address mappings to avoid an access to the page table Parallelization - ANSWER-computing operations in parallel Pipelining - ANSWER-technique where multiple instructions are overlapping in execution, think assemble line Memory - ANSWER-storage area in which programs are kept while running and contains data needed to run programs Control - ANSWER-component of processor that commands datapath, memory, I/O devices according to instructions of program. GPU - ANSWER-Graphics Processing Unit: Hardware that accelerates graphics Cloud Computing - ANSWER-large collections of servers that provide services over the internet ALU - ANSWER-Arithmetic Logic Unit: hardware that performs add, sub, and logical operations like AND, OR RAID 0 - ANSWER-no redundancy, widely used RAID 1 - ANSWER-Mirroring RAID 2 - ANSWER-error detection and correction code, unused RAID 3 - ANSWER-bit interleaving parity, storage concepts RAID 4 - ANSWER-block interleaving parity. network appliance RAID 5 - ANSWER-Distributed block interleaving parity, widely used RAID 6 - ANSWER-P + Q redundancy, recently popular Program counter - ANSWER-The register containing the address of the instruction in the program being executed. Cache memory - ANSWER-small, fast memory that acts as buffer for slower, larger memory Machine language - ANSWER-A binary representation of machine instructions. Assemble language - ANSWER-symbolic representation of machine instructions Operating system - ANSWER-supervising program that manages the resources of a comp for benefit of program running System software - ANSWER-provides services that are commonly useful, including OS, compliers, loaders, and assemblers Transistor - ANSWER-on/off switch controlled by electrical signal Integrated circuit - ANSWER-aka chip: combing dozens to millions of transistors Volatile memory - ANSWER-Storage that retains data only if it receiving power