Nutritional Foundations, Chapter 7 questions with correct answers: Vitamins

A secondary deficiency of a vitamin occurs when a. dietary intake of two or more vitamins is inadequate. b. absorption is inadequate or excessive amounts are excreted. c. dietary intake is less than the physiologic need of the individual. d. the vitamin deficiency is accompanied by protein-energy malnutrition. B An example of someone who has a relatively high risk for vitamin deficiencies is a(n) a. teenage competitive athlete. b. elderly man living independently. c. college-age girl living with roommates. d. newborn breastfed infant. B Deficiencies are likely to develop most rapidly with low intakes of vitamin a. A. b. C. c. D. d. E. B The best way to ensure intake of a variety of phytochemicals is to a. take a daily multivitamin supplement that includes phytochemicals. b. increase intake of soy-based foods, such as soy milk, tofu, and soy flour. c. choose whole grains and include at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily. d. include at least three servings of dairy products daily and use a variety of herbs and spices. C The amount of thiamine that the body needs is related to a. dietary intake of protein. b. exposure of the skin to sunlight. c. the amount of energy expended. d. physiologic and emotional stress. C Deficiency of thiamine is characterized by a. muscle weakness, loss of coordination, and tachycardia. b. dermatitis, altered nerve function, and convulsions. c. skin rash, hair loss, loss of appetite, and depression. d. gingivitis, poor wound healing, and increased risk of infection. A The riboflavin in milk is protected by a. pasteurization. b. homogenization. c. storing milk under refrigeration. d. using nontransparent containers. D The most significant source of riboflavin in the United States is a. milk. b. eggs. c. meats. d. whole grains. A Historically, deficiency of niacin was sometimes misdiagnosed as a. alcoholism. b. mental illness. c. viral infection. d. iron deficiency anemia. B Niacin can be manufactured by the body from the amino acid a. alanine. b. arginine. c. tryptophan. d. phenylalanine. C Pyridoxine functions in the body as a coenzyme in metabolism of a. fat. b. protein. c. carbohydrate. d. energy. B A disorder in infants that is associated with inadequate intake of folate during pregnancy is a. spina bifida. b. cystic fibrosis. c. Down syndrome. d. macrocytic anemia. A Adequate intake of folic acid is especially important for a. competitive athletes. b. infants and young children. c. women of childbearing age. d. pregnant and lactating women. C An example of a high-folate meal is a. fish, French fries, and coleslaw. b. spinach salad with orange segments. c. oatmeal with brown sugar and raisins. d. pork chops with applesauce. B The type of anemia associated with folate deficiency is _____ anemia. a. microcytic b. pernicious c. megaloblastic d. iron deficiency C The substance produced by the stomach that is necessary for absorption of cobalamin is a. intrinsic factor. b. pernicious factor. c. hydrochloric acid. d. pyridoxal phosphate. A