Philosophy and Ethics - Vocab through Eugenics unit

philosophy ...literally means love of (philo) wisdom (sophia) and uses the skills of logic and reasoning to create and critique arguments and explore life's BIG questions epistemology branch of philosophy that deals with how we attain knowledge- how do we know what we know? metaphysics branch of philosophy that includes the nature of reality, human existence, the nature of the universe, is there a God? (beyond the physical or material) ethics Branch of philosophy dealing with things that are either good/bad or right/wrong/ moral issues metaethics the study of the meaning and logical structure of moral beliefs logic and reasoning tools of philosophy to the address questions: How do we reason? What is an argument? What is a fallacy? What is a standard form argument? What is critical thinking? argument ...includes at least one premise and a conclusion. It can be logical but not make sense, it can be valid but not true but it cannot be invalid and sound. deontology Approach to ethics that judges the morality of an action based on the action's adherence to rules. Described as duty or obligation, because rules 'binds you to your duty' empiricism the theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience- truth must be verifiable through the scientific method utilitarianism philosophical argument that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority- the "greatest good for the greatest number" rationalism the theory that reason rather than experience is the foundation of certainty in knowledge. determinism the philosophy that holds that every event, action, and decision results from something independent of the human will- driven by cause and effect Socrates "The unexamined life is not worth living." pantheism The belief in opposition to Christian doctrine, that God and nature are one and the same. deism belief in a creator god who no longer interacts with the world- God is remote and removed- "clockmaker" God naturalism view that there is only material or physical reality - no God or divine force atheism there is no God or gods agnosticism Not being sure whether God exists- general belief that the question of God cannot be known restorative justice punishment designed to repair the damage done to the victim and community by an offender's criminal act retributive Justice a system of criminal justice based on the punishment of offenders rather than on rehabilitation.- eye for eye eugenics the science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics gene editing The ability to cut out and replace genes. CrispR is our main technique for efficient editing. positive eugenics encouraging reproduction by persons presumed to have inheritable desirable traits negative eugenics Discouraging the reproduction of those with undesirable traits Progressive Era time at the turn of the 20th century in which groups sought to reform America economically, socially, and politically IQ test a test designed to measure intellectual aptitude, or ability to learn in school Embryo selection What means that you pick one cell from an embryo and genetically analyze it? IVF (in vitro fertilization) procedure that allows for mother's ova to be fertilized outside of body and then implanted back into the uterus for development and birth. Francis Galton () He believed intelligence was purely hereditary• developed a rudimentary intelligence test- father of eugenics theories free will vs determinism do we freely choose our actions or is behavior caused by things outside our control? artificial intelligence a subdiscipline of computer science that attempts to simulate human thinking