Applied psychology exam revision questions with complete solutions

Developmental psychology a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span in developmental psychology what are the three major issues? AKA Nature and .... 1. Nature and Nurture 2. Continuity and stages 3. Stability and change Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. WHAT IS IT AND WHAT ARE THE THREE STAGES? His theory is similar to Piaget's theory, but he focuses on one aspect of cognition - Moral Reasoning. How people come to judge situations as right or wrong using three stages of development 1st Preconventional level of moral development. 2nd Conventional level of moral development. 3rd Postconventional level of moral development. *aka moral thinking develops in stages as cognitive abilities develop, with 3 levels divided into 6 sequential stages Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Theory. WHAT IS IT? & WHAT ARE THE STAGES Eight stages of development that involve developmental tasks that must be mastered during each stage of life. >Adopted from Freud's Psychosexual Theory Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development. WHAT IS IT AND WHAT ARE THE FOUR STAGES? Studied human cognition, how people think and understand. He wondered not just what children knew but how they made sense of the world. Piaget went on to identify four stages of cognitive development. 1st The Sensorimotor Stage 2nd The Preoperational Stage 3rd The Concrete Operational Stage 4th The Formal Operational Stage What is a Zygote? fertilized egg cell; it enters a 2 week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo What is an embryo? It is the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month what is a fetus? the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth What is a teratogen? (literally, "monster maker") agents such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm. What is fetal alcohol syndrome? (FAS) physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, signs include a small, out of proportion head and abnormal facial features> *AKA: It is a condition of infants who are born to women who consume alcohol during pregnancy; characterized by growth and physical problems, mental retardation, and a variety of congenital abnormalities. what is habituation? decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner.