Genetic information, variation and relationships between organisms Condensed Notes

Genetic Information, variation and relationships
between organisms
Contents
● Protein synthesis
○ Transcription DNA → mRNA
○ Translation
● Meiosis
○ Gene mutation
○ Crossing over
○ Independent segregation
● Biodiversity
● Measuring variation
● Classification system
● Natural selection
○ Directional and Stabilising selection


● DNA is stored differently in different organisms
○ Eukaryotic
○ Prokaryotic
● DNA contains Genes that code for
○ Amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
○ A functional RNA
● Genes can exist in different forms called alleles
● Homologous pair of chromosomes

, ● Protein synthesis




○ Transcription (in nucleus) DNA → mRNA
■ Splicing
○ Translation (in cytoplasm) mRNA → Protein
■ tRNA




● Anticodon

● Genetic Diversity + Adaptation
○ Genetic diversity - total number of different alleles in a population