Pilates Method Alliance Exercises Exam will complete solutions

Sprain - Answer- Injury to joint where ligament or capsule is over-stretched resulting in instability and swelling. RICE is recommended until swelling and pain subside Strain - Answer- Injury to a muscle or tendon where fibers are torn or over stretched causing pain, swelling, and bruising. RICE recommended until swelling and pain subside Spasm - Answer- Prolonged involuntary contraction of a muscle painful. RICE helpful acutely or until spasm subsides Medical Release - Answer- suggested for the following conditions: ACL injuries, facet joint syndrome, herniated nucleus pulposis (HNP), spondylolisthesis, stenosis, hip replacement, adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder), carpal tunnel syndrome, plantar fasciitis, rotator cuff impingement, thoracic outlet syndrome, cardiovascular disease, heart attack, stroke, chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, diabetes, gastric reflux, glaucoma, MS, Osteoarthritis and porosis, pregnancy, RA What can an instructor use to secure necessary information to determine safe movement parameters for a client? - Answer- health care professionals, textbooks, internet. If a client's condition is beyond the scope of practice what should the instructor do? - Answer- refer the client to a more qualified professional A medical release is necessary for any injury or surgery that has occurred ? - Answer- within the past 12 months Muscle Injuries - Answer- Sprain, Strain, Spasm Sprain - Answer- injury to joint where a ligament or capsule overstretched...RICE recommended Strain - Answer- injury to a muscle or tendon where the fibers are torn or over stretched. RICE recommended Spasm - Answer- prolonged involuntary contraction of a muscle that is often painful. RICE helpful acutely or until spasm subsides ACL Injury - Answer- partial or full tear usually resulting in additional injury to medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus Without Surgical Repair ACL Injury Contraindications - Answer- without surgical repair no extension with resistance to distal leg. Squatting causes more stress to ACL With Surgical Repair ACL Injury Contraindications - Answer- up to 10 weeks with PT, 10-24 weeks avoid feet in straps or leg spring work Facet Joint Syndrome - Answer- facet lock of spine and often occurs with or because of disc degeneration...creates pain with extension combined with rotation and side bending Facet Joint Syndrome Contraindications - Answer- avoid extension of the spine Herniated Nucleus Pulposis (HNP) (herniated or bulging disc) - Answer- annular fibers weakened, nucleus loses volume and narrows What are the three stages of HNP - Answer- 1. Disc Bulge 2. Prolapsed Disc 3. Sequestration Symptoms of HNP - Answer- peripheral pain or numbness/tingling in buttocks, thigh, calf or toe; in more severe cases lower extremity weakness and/or loss of deep tendon reflexes HNP Contraindications - Answer- avoid all exercises that include spinal flexion or vertical loading (seated, standing, or inverted positions) of the spine. Avoid exercise that involves a straight leg raise or strong spinal rotation Spondylolisthesis - Answer- instability at L5-S1 or L4-5 due to defect in laminae that cause anterior vertebral displacement Symptoms of Spondylolisthesis - Answer- minor acute pain with diffuse radiation into buttocks , major fractures in the laminae and can cause serious spinal cord injuries Spondylolisthesis Contraindications - Answer- avoid extension of spine in segment of spine where it occurs Stenosis - Answer- narrowing of the spinal canal (central stenosis) or nerve root canals (lateral stenosis) Occurring in the lumbar spine but can occur in cervical or thoracic Stenosis Symptoms - Answer- 1. Lumbar - back pain, tingling, motor deficits and intermittent pain in one or both legs worsened by standing or walking 2. Cervical- radiating pain in upper extremities 3. Thoracic- radiating pain around the ribcage Stenosis Contraindications - Answer- avoid extension of the stenotic segment of the spine Total Hip Replacement - Answer- acetabulu