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Science 2023 Question Bank | Over 800 Questions And
Correct Answers
What does the respiratory system do?
Brings in oxygen to go into the cells, and picks up carbon dioxide to be removed from
the bodyguard
What are the 7 parts of the respiratory system?
1. Nose
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx (voice box)
4. Trachea (windpipe)
5. Bronchi
6. Bronchioles
7. Alveoli
What are alveoli surrounded by to allow the exchange of O2 and CO2?
Capillaries
What is cilia?
Tiny hairs in the nose and trachea that wave particles up away and out
What is mucus?
Something that keeps the air warm and moist but also traps particles
How many alveoli does each lung have?
150 million
What does hemoglobin do?
Carries oxygen through the blood
What is pleura?
Sacs that surround the lungs
What is the diaphragm?
The muscle at the bottom of the thoracic cavity
What happens during inhalation?
Diaphragm moves down (contracts), rib cage rises, volume of chest cavity increases, air
moves in to fill the space
What happens during exhalation?
Diaphragm moves up (relaxes), rib cage lowers, space becomes smaller, air is pushed
out of lungs
What does the medulla oblongata do?
Controls breathing
What is chronic bronchitis?
Bronchi swell and become clogged with mucus
What is emphysema?
Tissues in lungs lose elasticity; tissues can't enough O2 or get rid of enough CO2
,What is lung cancer?
Cells that do not stop reproducing; can spread to other locations because lungs are so
central and connected to so much; survival is generally less then 5 years from diagnosis
What is heart disease?
Blood vessels are constricted, blood pressure rises, heart has to work harder, heart
wears out more quickly
What is cystic fibrosis?
Genetic (recessive); lungs can get clogged with mucous
What is mesothelioma?
Lungs become exposed to asbestos and lose elasticity
What is elastic recoil?
The ability for the alveoli to get filled with air then return to their normal shape once the
air is released
What is a spirometer?
an instrument for measuring the air capacity of the lungs
What is tidal volume?
The amount of air taken in and breathed out in a typical breath
What is supplemental volume?
The xtra air that can be inhaled or exhaled with a deep breath
What is reserve amount?
The amount of extra air you can breathe out when you force air out of your lungs
What is residual amount?
The amount of air in your lungs that you cannot get rid of (even during forced exhaling)
What is vital capacity?
All the air you can control going in or out of your lungs (supplemental + reserve = vital)
What is total capacity?
From the top of your supplemental amount to the bottom of your residual volume
Main idea
the most important or central thought of a paragraph or larger section of text, which tells
the reader what the text is about
Topic
a particular issue or idea that serves as the subject of a paragraph, essay, report, or
speech
-topic is the general subject of a paragraph
-Topics are simple and are described with just a word or a phrase.
-main idea is a complete sentence; it includes the topic
What's the difference between a topic and main idea?
Key ideas
Ideas that support controlling idea
Controlling idea
-your opinion about the topic.
- It helps the reader understand your purpose for writing the paragraph or essay
Conclusion
A deduction made by the reader about an unstated outcome from reading passage
Inference
A conclusion one can draw from the presented details.
,anatomical position
a standard position in which the body is facing forward, the feet are parallel to each
other, and the arms are at the sides with the palms facing forward
Cells
The basic unit of structure and function in all living things
Cellular functions
Processes that include growth, metabolism, replication, protein synthesis, and
movement
Directional terminology
Words used to explain relationships of locations of anatomical elements (distal,
posterior, medial, etc.)
organ system
A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions.
Organelle
specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell
Organ
A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
Reference Planes
Planes dividing the body to describe locations
(ex: sagittal, coronal, and transverse)
Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
Eukaryotic cells
Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.
prokaryotic cell
cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. (Bacteria)
Ribosome
site of protein synthesis
Nucleus
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
Nucleolus
Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Gogli Apparatus
organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages prooteins and other materials from
the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell
Vacuole
A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
creates lipids or fat
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
An endomembrane system covered with ribosomes where many proteins for transport
are assembled.
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
, DNA
A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the
chromosomes.
RNA
A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages
Mitosis
part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
-four-stage process that creates two identical cells from one original cell.
ATP
(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
Lysosomes
cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell
cell membrane
thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Cell wall
found only in plant and bacteria this structure is found outside the cell membrane and
serves as a more rigid protective barrier
mRNA
messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the
ribosome
4 haploid gametes
-Haploid describes a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes. can also refer to
the number of chromosomes in egg or sperm cells, which are also called gametes
-In humans, gametes are haploid cells that contain 23 chromosomes, each of which a
one of a chromosome pair that exists in diplod cells.
Trachea
The windpipe, which connects the larynx to the lungs
Meiosis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
Prophase (mitosis)
The first and longest stage of mitosis. In this stage the chromosomes become visible
and the centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
Metaphase (mitosis)
The second stage of mitosis. In this stage the chromosomes line up across the center of
the cell and become connected to the spindle fiber at their centromere.
Anaphase (Mitosis)
The third stage of mitosis. In this stage the sister chromatids separate into individual
chromosomes and are pulled apart.
Telophase (mitosis)
The fourth and last stage of mitosis. During this stage the chromosomes gather at
opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct rod-like shapes. Two new nuclear
membranes then form around each of the two regions of DNA and the spindle fibers
disappear.
Cytokinesis
The process that follows the last stage of mitosis. With two complete copies of the DNA
now in two different regions of one cell, the cell membrane will pinch and divide the
Science 2023 Question Bank | Over 800 Questions And
Correct Answers
What does the respiratory system do?
Brings in oxygen to go into the cells, and picks up carbon dioxide to be removed from
the bodyguard
What are the 7 parts of the respiratory system?
1. Nose
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx (voice box)
4. Trachea (windpipe)
5. Bronchi
6. Bronchioles
7. Alveoli
What are alveoli surrounded by to allow the exchange of O2 and CO2?
Capillaries
What is cilia?
Tiny hairs in the nose and trachea that wave particles up away and out
What is mucus?
Something that keeps the air warm and moist but also traps particles
How many alveoli does each lung have?
150 million
What does hemoglobin do?
Carries oxygen through the blood
What is pleura?
Sacs that surround the lungs
What is the diaphragm?
The muscle at the bottom of the thoracic cavity
What happens during inhalation?
Diaphragm moves down (contracts), rib cage rises, volume of chest cavity increases, air
moves in to fill the space
What happens during exhalation?
Diaphragm moves up (relaxes), rib cage lowers, space becomes smaller, air is pushed
out of lungs
What does the medulla oblongata do?
Controls breathing
What is chronic bronchitis?
Bronchi swell and become clogged with mucus
What is emphysema?
Tissues in lungs lose elasticity; tissues can't enough O2 or get rid of enough CO2
,What is lung cancer?
Cells that do not stop reproducing; can spread to other locations because lungs are so
central and connected to so much; survival is generally less then 5 years from diagnosis
What is heart disease?
Blood vessels are constricted, blood pressure rises, heart has to work harder, heart
wears out more quickly
What is cystic fibrosis?
Genetic (recessive); lungs can get clogged with mucous
What is mesothelioma?
Lungs become exposed to asbestos and lose elasticity
What is elastic recoil?
The ability for the alveoli to get filled with air then return to their normal shape once the
air is released
What is a spirometer?
an instrument for measuring the air capacity of the lungs
What is tidal volume?
The amount of air taken in and breathed out in a typical breath
What is supplemental volume?
The xtra air that can be inhaled or exhaled with a deep breath
What is reserve amount?
The amount of extra air you can breathe out when you force air out of your lungs
What is residual amount?
The amount of air in your lungs that you cannot get rid of (even during forced exhaling)
What is vital capacity?
All the air you can control going in or out of your lungs (supplemental + reserve = vital)
What is total capacity?
From the top of your supplemental amount to the bottom of your residual volume
Main idea
the most important or central thought of a paragraph or larger section of text, which tells
the reader what the text is about
Topic
a particular issue or idea that serves as the subject of a paragraph, essay, report, or
speech
-topic is the general subject of a paragraph
-Topics are simple and are described with just a word or a phrase.
-main idea is a complete sentence; it includes the topic
What's the difference between a topic and main idea?
Key ideas
Ideas that support controlling idea
Controlling idea
-your opinion about the topic.
- It helps the reader understand your purpose for writing the paragraph or essay
Conclusion
A deduction made by the reader about an unstated outcome from reading passage
Inference
A conclusion one can draw from the presented details.
,anatomical position
a standard position in which the body is facing forward, the feet are parallel to each
other, and the arms are at the sides with the palms facing forward
Cells
The basic unit of structure and function in all living things
Cellular functions
Processes that include growth, metabolism, replication, protein synthesis, and
movement
Directional terminology
Words used to explain relationships of locations of anatomical elements (distal,
posterior, medial, etc.)
organ system
A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions.
Organelle
specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell
Organ
A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
Reference Planes
Planes dividing the body to describe locations
(ex: sagittal, coronal, and transverse)
Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
Eukaryotic cells
Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.
prokaryotic cell
cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. (Bacteria)
Ribosome
site of protein synthesis
Nucleus
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
Nucleolus
Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Gogli Apparatus
organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages prooteins and other materials from
the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell
Vacuole
A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
creates lipids or fat
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
An endomembrane system covered with ribosomes where many proteins for transport
are assembled.
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
, DNA
A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the
chromosomes.
RNA
A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages
Mitosis
part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
-four-stage process that creates two identical cells from one original cell.
ATP
(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
Lysosomes
cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell
cell membrane
thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Cell wall
found only in plant and bacteria this structure is found outside the cell membrane and
serves as a more rigid protective barrier
mRNA
messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the
ribosome
4 haploid gametes
-Haploid describes a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes. can also refer to
the number of chromosomes in egg or sperm cells, which are also called gametes
-In humans, gametes are haploid cells that contain 23 chromosomes, each of which a
one of a chromosome pair that exists in diplod cells.
Trachea
The windpipe, which connects the larynx to the lungs
Meiosis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
Prophase (mitosis)
The first and longest stage of mitosis. In this stage the chromosomes become visible
and the centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
Metaphase (mitosis)
The second stage of mitosis. In this stage the chromosomes line up across the center of
the cell and become connected to the spindle fiber at their centromere.
Anaphase (Mitosis)
The third stage of mitosis. In this stage the sister chromatids separate into individual
chromosomes and are pulled apart.
Telophase (mitosis)
The fourth and last stage of mitosis. During this stage the chromosomes gather at
opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct rod-like shapes. Two new nuclear
membranes then form around each of the two regions of DNA and the spindle fibers
disappear.
Cytokinesis
The process that follows the last stage of mitosis. With two complete copies of the DNA
now in two different regions of one cell, the cell membrane will pinch and divide the
