This is unit 21 c of medical physics done to a distinction grade. If you want 21 a and b, it comes as a package deal which is cheaper than buying all of them individually. Please use how you please and any question, just message me.
A vital role in safeguarding the well-being, security, and security of employees and the
general public is played by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), an oversight organisation
in the UK. Enforcing health and safety rules and regulations in different workplaces and
businesses is the HSE's main duty.
What follows are some of the responsibilities of the Health and Safety Executive:
1. Legislation and regulation:
The Health and Safety Executive is in charge of creating and upholding health and safety
laws, rules, and regulations. Members collaborate extensively alongside the government to
create and revise guidelines that support secure employment and shield employees from
hazards and threats. Inspections and investigations: To make sure that health and safety
regulations are being followed, the HSE inspects and investigates workplaces. They're given
the power to investigate the location, look over the safety precautions, and evaluate potential
dangers. The HSE may initiate penalties, send out correction letters, and bring legal action
against incompatible organisations if breaches or dangers are found.
2.Advice:
The HSE offers resources, advice, and assistance to businesses, employees, and members
of the public. They include instructional materials, books, and internet-based materials that
describe best practises, risk evaluation techniques, and preventative strategies to improve
security in the workplace. Research and statistics: To comprehend new dangers and
developments in industrial health and safety, the HSE carries out studies. Experts use data
and statistical analysis to spot trends, gauge how well laws function, and create evidence-
based risk management plans that enhance worker safety.
,3.Partnerships and Collaboration:
The HSE works with a variety of participants, such as employers, labour organisations,
organisations of professionals, as well as additional regulatory authorities. They collaborate
to spread expertise, create projects, and raise safety and hygiene requirements throughout
businesses. Enforcement and prosecution: The HSE has the power to file lawsuits versus
businesses that disregard health and safety laws. For major legal violations, officials can
bring charges against people or businesses, which could lead to costs, penalties, or even jail
time. As a whole, the HSE is essential in guaranteeing that firms uphold health and safety
laws while providing safe workplaces for employees and the general public. They work to
avoid injuries, mishaps, and disease at work and raise UK health and safety standards by
maintaining cooperation and offering advice.( 1,1)
Other legislations
The UK's Health and Safety at Work Act of 1974: The broader obligations of companies,
staff, and independent contractors to safeguard the safety, well-being, and health of
everybody working there are outlined in this extensive portion of British law. Evaluations of
risks, training, the creation of secure workplaces, and employee input are just a few of the
many topics it covers.
The United States' Occupational Health and Safety Act (OSHA) of 1970 In the US, OSHA is
a federal legislation designed to make ensure that staff members have a safe and healthy
workplace. It creates criteria for inspections at work, defines requirements, and nudges firms
to undertake successful safety initiatives. Additionally, OSHA safeguards employees from
harassment and grants them the ability to make objections.
The Workplace Health and Safety Act 2011 (Australia) sets down the regulatory framework
for employment health and safety. It imposes obligations on employers, employees, and any
other organisations who participate in job duties to protect people's health and safety. The
legislation addresses a number of topics, including hazard recognition, risk evaluation,
discussion, and reporting of incidents.
This South African law, the Occupational Health and Safety Act of 1993, encourages and
governs employee health and safety. In order to maintain secure workplaces, it explains the
duties of managers, staff members, freelancers, and producers. The law covers topics like
hazard recognition, risk evaluations, instruction, and checks at work. Singapore's Workplace
Safety and Health Act of 2006: The well-being and security of workers are the main
concerns of this Singaporean law. Companies must put procedures into effect to regulate
hazards in the workplace, carry out risk assessments, give employees training, and create
, plans for responding to emergencies. Additionally, the act gives authorities the authority to
carry out audits and examinations to ensure adherence.(1,2)
Ionising
CT Scans
Health and safety risks
While CT scans offer vital information for identifying a range of illnesses, there are some
health and safety issues that must be taken into account. Here are a few dangers related to
CT scans:
Radiation exposure: Ionising radiation is used in CT scans, that may damage the human
body over time. Just one CT scan exposes you to more radiation than a standard X-ray.
Despite the radiation dosages utilised by CT scans are typically regarded as harmless,
prolonged or high levels of radiation can raise the chance of acquiring nuclear-related
diseases including cancer. It's crucial to remember how advantages frequently dominate
dangers in cases where a CT scan is medically required. A few people may experience
allergic responses to the contrast dye utilised for certain kinds of CT scans. Iodine is an
allergen found in contrast dyes, which can cause moderate (skin breakouts, rashes) or
serious (anaphylaxis) reactions to the allergen. A larger risk applies to those who have
previous experiences of allergies, especially to iodine-based products or shellfish.
Injury to the kidneys: The contrasting dye utilised for CT scans may strain the urinary tract,
particularly for people who already have kidney issues. The dye may temporarily impair
kidney function or, in a small percentage of patients, result in more serious consequences
this contrast-induced nephropathy. Hydration is important prior to and following the scan to
assist with lower the likelihood of complications. Risks to pregnancy: Pregnant women
should typically prevent unneeded exposure to radiation, especially CT scans, especially
while in the initial trimester while the foetus is more sensitive to radiation. If a pregnant
woman needs a CT scan for medical reasons, measures can be done to reduce the radiation
exposure to the foetus.
Impact on the mind and emotions: CT scans can make people feel anxious or stressed,
especially if they are uncomfortable or have anxiety-related conditions. For the operation,
what some individuals find unnerving, the patient is required to lie on a small table that slides
through a tunnel-like framework. Healthcare facilities frequently provide methods like
sedative or open CT scanners to assist patients feel less anxious. (1.5)
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