LAB PRACTICAL EXAM 2|UPDATED&VERIFIED|GUARANTEED SUCCESS

what is the function of a red blood cell and what is it's other name? Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide Erythrocyte what is the function of a white blood cell and what is it's other name? 1. destroys pathogenic microorganisms and parasites 2. removes worn cells 3. provides immunity Leukocyte What are the 3 Granulocyte cells and what do they all have in common? Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil they all have granular cytoplasm What are the 3 Agranulocytes cells and what do they all have in common? Monocyte Lymphocyte Platelet (thrombocyte) they all lack granular cytoplasm What ate the 5 types of White Blood Cells? Neutrophils (40%-70% of WBC) Lymphocytes (20-30% of WBC) Monocytes (4%-8% of WBC) Esoinophils (1%-4% of WBC) Basophils ( .2% of WBC) What is the function of the Neutrophil cell? Phagocytosis, then release cytotoxic chemicals that kills the cell and bacteria inside and some others around it, first responders of a bacterial infection, What does is mean when Neutrophil cell count increases? an acute bacterial infection somewhere in the body What is the function of the Eosinophil cell? Destroys parasites and helps control inflammation and allergic reactions 1. Secrete cytotoxic chemicals on the surface of parasitic worms 2. Turn down allergic responses by releasing antihisamine and phagocytize antigen antibody complexes, keeps immune system in check What does is mean when Eosinophil cell count increases? higher allergic reaction or parasitic worm presence What is the function of the Basophil cell? Releases heparin and histamine from cytoplasmic granules What does is mean when Basophil cell count increases? no effect or true change in count what is a heparin? its an anticoagulant what is a histamine? a blood vessel dilator What is the function of the Monocyte cell? - Phagocytizes dead or dying cells and microorganisms - eat bacteria, whole cells (if infected with virus or intracellular parasites) - do not die like Neutriphils, not as fast to infection as Neutriphils, What do monocytes become out of the blood stream? macrophages What does is mean when Monocyte cell count increases? - chronic bacterial infections, acute infections, and some diseases - May indicate Malaria, tuberculosis, fungal infections What is the function of the Lymphocyte cell? - Provides immunity - makes antibodies and uses them to attack bad cells (tumor, virus infected, foreign) directly, - Not phagocytic When is it more likely for Lymphocyte cell counts to increase? during viral infections What is the function of the Platelet cell and what is the the name for them? helps control blood loss from injured blood vessels Thrombocyte What are Platelets needed for? blood clotting Identify at least two each of the transport, protective, and regulatory functions of the circulatory system. -TRANSPORT: O2, CO2, nutrients, waste, hormones, stem cells -PROTECTIVE: WBCs, inflammation, antibodies, platelets -REGULATORY: stabilize fluid distribution, balance pH of ECF, body temp What are the 2 principal components of the blood? -PLASMA: ECM (clear, light yellow fluid) -FORMED ELEMENTS: cells & cell fragments (RBC, WBC, platelets) Define hematocrit and give the units of measurement in which each is expressed. -hematocrit: packed cell volume (%) Define hemoglobin concentration and give the units of measurement in which each is expressed. -hemoglobin concentration: concentration in whole blood (g/dL) Define RBC count and give the units of measurement in which each is expressed. - RBC count: #/volume of whole blood (mil/uL) What are the 3 primary causes or categories of anemia? -CAUSES: (1) inadequate erythropoiesis or hemoglobin synthesis (2) hemorrhagic anemia from bleeding (blood loss) (3) hemolytic anemia from RBC destruction What are its 3 primary consequences of anemia? -CONSEQUENCES: (1) tissues suffer hypoxia (2) blood osmolarity is reduced (more blood is transferred from bloodstream to the intracellular spaces edema) (3) decrease in blood viscosity - decrease in BP because of decrease in volume & viscosity