BIOD 121 (portage) Module 4: Vitamins and Minearls
Vitamins - Answerorganic compounds that the body needs in small amounts, almost exclusively obtained
through the diet.
Function of vitamines? - Answerhelp regulate and support a variety of processes related to digestion,
absorption, metabolism, and body regulations.
Yield no energy: - Answervitamines
Vitamins are important for: - Answergrowth and maintenance of our bodies
How many essential vitamins are there? - Answer13 known
Essential Vitamins: - Answerfound in both plant and animal sources, and the majority cannot be
synthesized by the human body.
Exceptions to vitamins that do not have to be consumed by in the diet: - AnswerVitamin K and biotin
(produced from gut flora in the GI tract), and vitamin D which is synthesized in the skin through sunlight
Two vitamins can be produced through precursors: - AnswerVitamin A can be produced after we
consume food containing beta carotene, and niacin can be produced when we consume foods containing
the amino acid tryptophan.
Organic compounds must meet 2 criteria in order to be considered a vitamin: - Answer1) enough of the
compound must be consumed in the diet to maintain health
2) symptoms of deficiency occur in the absence of the compound, resulting in declining health, but is
restored when the deficiency is corrected.
Why do we fortify and enrich our foods? - AnswerDuring manufacturing of food, some nutrients are lost.
Enrichment: - Answerthe process of taking nutrients that were lost in the milling or processing of the
food and adding them back to the final product
, BIOD 121 (portage) Module 4: Vitamins and Minearls
Fortification - Answerprocess of supplementing a product with additional vitamins that would not
normally be in that product (i.e. putting vitamin D in orange juice or adding vitamins to cereal)
Vitamins can be classified as: - Answerfat soluble or water soluble
Fat-soluble vitamins: - Answerdependent on dietary fat for absorption. Once absorbed they are stored in
adipose tissue and liver.
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are: - Answerfat soluble
Since fat-soluble vitamins are not easily excreted from the body, excess consumption over time could
lead to: - Answertoxic levels in the body
Two forms of Vitamin A: - AnswerPreformed (Retinol, Retinal) and Provitamin (carotenoids)
Functions of Preformed vitamin A - Answervision, immunity, growth development, disease prevention
Functions of Provitamin A - Answerprecursors, antioxidants
Deficiencies of Preformed Vitamin A - Answernight blindness, Xeropthalmia
Xeropthalmia: - Answeroccurs when mucus isn't developing and blindness sets in
Deficiencies of Provitamin A - AnswerMacular Degeneration
Sources of Preformed Vitamin A - AnswerAnimal sources
Sources of Provitamin A - AnswerPlant sources: yellow, orange, red, green leafy vegetables
Which for of vitamin A can become toxic in high levels? - Answerpreformed vitamin A
Vitamins - Answerorganic compounds that the body needs in small amounts, almost exclusively obtained
through the diet.
Function of vitamines? - Answerhelp regulate and support a variety of processes related to digestion,
absorption, metabolism, and body regulations.
Yield no energy: - Answervitamines
Vitamins are important for: - Answergrowth and maintenance of our bodies
How many essential vitamins are there? - Answer13 known
Essential Vitamins: - Answerfound in both plant and animal sources, and the majority cannot be
synthesized by the human body.
Exceptions to vitamins that do not have to be consumed by in the diet: - AnswerVitamin K and biotin
(produced from gut flora in the GI tract), and vitamin D which is synthesized in the skin through sunlight
Two vitamins can be produced through precursors: - AnswerVitamin A can be produced after we
consume food containing beta carotene, and niacin can be produced when we consume foods containing
the amino acid tryptophan.
Organic compounds must meet 2 criteria in order to be considered a vitamin: - Answer1) enough of the
compound must be consumed in the diet to maintain health
2) symptoms of deficiency occur in the absence of the compound, resulting in declining health, but is
restored when the deficiency is corrected.
Why do we fortify and enrich our foods? - AnswerDuring manufacturing of food, some nutrients are lost.
Enrichment: - Answerthe process of taking nutrients that were lost in the milling or processing of the
food and adding them back to the final product
, BIOD 121 (portage) Module 4: Vitamins and Minearls
Fortification - Answerprocess of supplementing a product with additional vitamins that would not
normally be in that product (i.e. putting vitamin D in orange juice or adding vitamins to cereal)
Vitamins can be classified as: - Answerfat soluble or water soluble
Fat-soluble vitamins: - Answerdependent on dietary fat for absorption. Once absorbed they are stored in
adipose tissue and liver.
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are: - Answerfat soluble
Since fat-soluble vitamins are not easily excreted from the body, excess consumption over time could
lead to: - Answertoxic levels in the body
Two forms of Vitamin A: - AnswerPreformed (Retinol, Retinal) and Provitamin (carotenoids)
Functions of Preformed vitamin A - Answervision, immunity, growth development, disease prevention
Functions of Provitamin A - Answerprecursors, antioxidants
Deficiencies of Preformed Vitamin A - Answernight blindness, Xeropthalmia
Xeropthalmia: - Answeroccurs when mucus isn't developing and blindness sets in
Deficiencies of Provitamin A - AnswerMacular Degeneration
Sources of Preformed Vitamin A - AnswerAnimal sources
Sources of Provitamin A - AnswerPlant sources: yellow, orange, red, green leafy vegetables
Which for of vitamin A can become toxic in high levels? - Answerpreformed vitamin A
