Summary AQA A level chemistry intro to organic chemistry revision notes

Intro to Organu (henstay
| CARDON (OM POUNDS

functional grouP
Homologous series a sct of oryon (ompbunds with the some
hydrocorbon chons
The compounds di{fer in the length ot lher
orgonie molecule which s
tunctionol aroup an aton or qroup of atoms in an
molecule
respons"ble tor the characteristc reoctons of that
element na compound
Empiral formula sinplest whole number rotio of atoms of eoch
carbon
Molecula tomla- octual numbes of atoms of eah element ino

Hydrocarbon- o compound contoin1ng carbon and hydrogen atoms only
Saturated orgonie compounds containly only carbon-cabon single bords
Unsaturated - orqanic compoundscontainng at leost one carhon tarbon double bond

Fuactional aroups ethane
- Alkanes or cycloalkanes
H
Gsaturated hydroarbons
eg. ethene
-Alkenes or cycloalkenes =
Lb unsatuated hydrocarbons
Haloalkanes eq chlorqmethane
6 alkanes where at least one H- C- H

hydrogen atomis reploced by
o halogen atom

- Alcohol 'or cyclool<ohols
ethanol
a hydroxy 9roup is an hydragen
covalently bonded to oxygen
covlently bonded to carbon

H-C-c
Aldehyde eg ethanal
o must be ot end of hain

-


Carboxyl1c auds ethano ocid
H-C
b must be ut end of chan o-H
H


Ketones or ydoketones eg propanone
H
c:0 functional group
H-C-fc-H
always found in the
H
imiddle ofo chan