Wifes have an expressive role: primary Families and Households – Topic 1: Couples
socialization of the children and meeting Segregated conjugal roles: couples who have s
the families' emotional needs. Homemaker, Feminists reject that the division of
roles; a male breadwinner and a female home
full-time housewife labor is natural. It only benefits men.
Parsons: Their leisure activities also tend to be separat
Instrumental and Criticisms of Parsons theory
Husbands have an instrumental Joint conjugal roles: coup
expressive roles Bott: Joint and
role: success at work so can Young and Willmott:
Segregated share tasks such as house
provide financially for the family. argue men take a greater childcare and spend leisu
conjugal roles
Breadwinner. He argues that the division of labor share of domestic tasks
together
and more wives are
is natural. Women suit nurturing
becoming wage earners Young and Willmott: identified a pattern of
roles while men are providers
segregated conjugal roles in their study of t
working-class extended families in Benthal
Young and Willmott's study of families in London, found that Domestic Division the 50s. Male breadwinners. Women were
symmetrical families were more common in Younger couples of Labour housewives with sole responsibility for hou
who are geographically and economically well off as:
• Changes in women position Boulton: found that few
Young and Willmott: Oakley: found that only 15% of A Feminist view of
• Geographical mobility Housework than 20% of husbands
• New technology The Symmetrical husbands had a high level of a major role in childcar
Family participation of housework, and only
• Higher standard of living
25% had a high level of participation
Warde and Hetheringto
in childcare
Young and Willmott : they see family found sex-typing of dom
life as improving for all its members, Oakley: Claims that Young and Willmott exaggerated. They tasks remained strong e
more equal and democratic. Argue a found that husbands help their wives at least once a week, wives were 30x more lik
long-term trend away from this could include simply taking the children for a walk or to be the last person to
segregated conjugal roles and making breakfast on one occasion done the washing.
towards the "symmetrical family"
, Families and Households – Topic 1: Couples
Hardil: study of 30 dual-career professional Pahl and Vogler: identify 2 types of control over
couples found important decisions were family income:
▪ The allowance system – men gives their wives an Vogler: found that
either taken by the man alone or jointly cohabitating couples were
and his career took priority allowance which is budgeted to meet the
family's needs less likely to pool their
▪ Pooling – both partners have access to income money maybe to maintain
Finch: women's lives tend their independence
to be structured around and joint responsibility
their husbands' careers The
Money Nyman: notes, money has
management meaning of
Pooling suggests more equality, money no automatic, fixed or
but Pahl and Vogler found even natural meaning and
Decision Resources and different couples can
when pooling was used men made
making define it in different ways
the major financial decision. Decision-making in
households
Week: found typical
Edgell's study of professional couples found that:
A "personal life" patterns was pooling
▪ Very important decisions: involving finance, money for household
change of job or house are either taken jointly perspective on money
spending but keeping
or by the husband Smart: same-sex sperate accounts for
▪ Important decisions: about children's Same-sex couples have
couples attached no greater freedom as they personal spending which is
education or holidays are usually taken jointly importance to who don’t bring historical, called "co-independence"
or by the wife controlled the money which is is a pattern
▪ Less important decisions: choice of home gendered heterosexual
as was perfectly baggage of cultural amongst cohabiting
décor and children's clothing were usually happy to leave this to couples (found by Vogler)
made by the wife meanings around money
their partners
, Men are more likely to have Responsibility Families and Households- Topic 1: Couples
Dunne: Lesbian coup
"blocks" of for coordinating, Women generally Sullivan: working full-time rather than part- had more symmetric
uninterrupted leisure time, scheduling and earn less than men time makes the biggest difference in terms of relationships becaus
while women's leisure time is managing the family's which means its how much domestic work each partner does the absence of tradi
often punctuated by childcare. quality time together, economically
heterosexual "gende
this normally falls on rational for women
Kan: every £10,000 a year scripts"
the mother to do more of the
Some studies show that men more a woman earns, she
housework and The British Social Attitudes surv
and women have more or less does 2 hours less
Southerton: Taking childcare
equal amounts of leisure time housework per week 10% of under-35s agreed with
responsibility for division of labor, as against 30%
"quality time" Material Cultural
Duncombe and Marsden: argue
Explanation explanation Gershuny: couples whos
that women have to perform a Ferri and Smith: fathers took has a more equal relatio
"triple shift" of housework, paid Division of labor is more likely to share hou
responsibility for childcare in Equality in Couples
work and emotion work determined by equally themselves
fewer than 4% of families
patriarchal norms
The Feminist View and values that Sullivan: nationally repre
Hochschild: taking responsibility shape the gender
for other family members is Taking responsibility data collected in 1975, 1
roles in our culture 1997 found a trend of w
called "emotion work" for children Couples continue to divide
household tasks along The March of less domestic work show
Dex and Ward: Although traditional gender lines Progress View increased number of cou
Boulton: fathers may help to
fathers had high level an equal division of labo
perform specific childcare
involvement with their 3- tasks, but usually the British Social Attitudes survey: 2012 men did
year-olds, but less than 1% of 8 hours of housework each week while Young and Willmott: argue more wom
mothers took responsibility
fathers took main women did 13. Men spent 10 hours a week leads to a more equal division of labor
for the child's security and
responsibility when the child caring for family members, but women spent This means men are becoming more in
well-being
was sick. 23. 60% of women found this division unfair domestic labor, women are involved in
socialization of the children and meeting Segregated conjugal roles: couples who have s
the families' emotional needs. Homemaker, Feminists reject that the division of
roles; a male breadwinner and a female home
full-time housewife labor is natural. It only benefits men.
Parsons: Their leisure activities also tend to be separat
Instrumental and Criticisms of Parsons theory
Husbands have an instrumental Joint conjugal roles: coup
expressive roles Bott: Joint and
role: success at work so can Young and Willmott:
Segregated share tasks such as house
provide financially for the family. argue men take a greater childcare and spend leisu
conjugal roles
Breadwinner. He argues that the division of labor share of domestic tasks
together
and more wives are
is natural. Women suit nurturing
becoming wage earners Young and Willmott: identified a pattern of
roles while men are providers
segregated conjugal roles in their study of t
working-class extended families in Benthal
Young and Willmott's study of families in London, found that Domestic Division the 50s. Male breadwinners. Women were
symmetrical families were more common in Younger couples of Labour housewives with sole responsibility for hou
who are geographically and economically well off as:
• Changes in women position Boulton: found that few
Young and Willmott: Oakley: found that only 15% of A Feminist view of
• Geographical mobility Housework than 20% of husbands
• New technology The Symmetrical husbands had a high level of a major role in childcar
Family participation of housework, and only
• Higher standard of living
25% had a high level of participation
Warde and Hetheringto
in childcare
Young and Willmott : they see family found sex-typing of dom
life as improving for all its members, Oakley: Claims that Young and Willmott exaggerated. They tasks remained strong e
more equal and democratic. Argue a found that husbands help their wives at least once a week, wives were 30x more lik
long-term trend away from this could include simply taking the children for a walk or to be the last person to
segregated conjugal roles and making breakfast on one occasion done the washing.
towards the "symmetrical family"
, Families and Households – Topic 1: Couples
Hardil: study of 30 dual-career professional Pahl and Vogler: identify 2 types of control over
couples found important decisions were family income:
▪ The allowance system – men gives their wives an Vogler: found that
either taken by the man alone or jointly cohabitating couples were
and his career took priority allowance which is budgeted to meet the
family's needs less likely to pool their
▪ Pooling – both partners have access to income money maybe to maintain
Finch: women's lives tend their independence
to be structured around and joint responsibility
their husbands' careers The
Money Nyman: notes, money has
management meaning of
Pooling suggests more equality, money no automatic, fixed or
but Pahl and Vogler found even natural meaning and
Decision Resources and different couples can
when pooling was used men made
making define it in different ways
the major financial decision. Decision-making in
households
Week: found typical
Edgell's study of professional couples found that:
A "personal life" patterns was pooling
▪ Very important decisions: involving finance, money for household
change of job or house are either taken jointly perspective on money
spending but keeping
or by the husband Smart: same-sex sperate accounts for
▪ Important decisions: about children's Same-sex couples have
couples attached no greater freedom as they personal spending which is
education or holidays are usually taken jointly importance to who don’t bring historical, called "co-independence"
or by the wife controlled the money which is is a pattern
▪ Less important decisions: choice of home gendered heterosexual
as was perfectly baggage of cultural amongst cohabiting
décor and children's clothing were usually happy to leave this to couples (found by Vogler)
made by the wife meanings around money
their partners
, Men are more likely to have Responsibility Families and Households- Topic 1: Couples
Dunne: Lesbian coup
"blocks" of for coordinating, Women generally Sullivan: working full-time rather than part- had more symmetric
uninterrupted leisure time, scheduling and earn less than men time makes the biggest difference in terms of relationships becaus
while women's leisure time is managing the family's which means its how much domestic work each partner does the absence of tradi
often punctuated by childcare. quality time together, economically
heterosexual "gende
this normally falls on rational for women
Kan: every £10,000 a year scripts"
the mother to do more of the
Some studies show that men more a woman earns, she
housework and The British Social Attitudes surv
and women have more or less does 2 hours less
Southerton: Taking childcare
equal amounts of leisure time housework per week 10% of under-35s agreed with
responsibility for division of labor, as against 30%
"quality time" Material Cultural
Duncombe and Marsden: argue
Explanation explanation Gershuny: couples whos
that women have to perform a Ferri and Smith: fathers took has a more equal relatio
"triple shift" of housework, paid Division of labor is more likely to share hou
responsibility for childcare in Equality in Couples
work and emotion work determined by equally themselves
fewer than 4% of families
patriarchal norms
The Feminist View and values that Sullivan: nationally repre
Hochschild: taking responsibility shape the gender
for other family members is Taking responsibility data collected in 1975, 1
roles in our culture 1997 found a trend of w
called "emotion work" for children Couples continue to divide
household tasks along The March of less domestic work show
Dex and Ward: Although traditional gender lines Progress View increased number of cou
Boulton: fathers may help to
fathers had high level an equal division of labo
perform specific childcare
involvement with their 3- tasks, but usually the British Social Attitudes survey: 2012 men did
year-olds, but less than 1% of 8 hours of housework each week while Young and Willmott: argue more wom
mothers took responsibility
fathers took main women did 13. Men spent 10 hours a week leads to a more equal division of labor
for the child's security and
responsibility when the child caring for family members, but women spent This means men are becoming more in
well-being
was sick. 23. 60% of women found this division unfair domestic labor, women are involved in
