Hazmat Operations questions and answers, VERIFIED.

Hazmat Operations questions and answers, VERIFIED. Boiling Point - -When a liquid turns into a gas Chemical Reactivity - -Ability of a material to undergo a chemical change. The susceptibility of material to release energy by itself or in combination with other materials Corrosivity (pH) - -A measure of a substance's tendency to deteriorate 3 types of corrosives - -Acid, neutral, base (also known as alkaline or caustic) Flammable Range - -Difference between upper and lower flammable limits Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) - -Minimum concentration in which a flame will not propagate in the presence of an ignition source. "Too lean to burn" Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) - -Maximum concentration in which a flame will not propagate in the presence of an ignition source. "Too rich to burn" Flash Point - -Temperature at which a liquid will give off sufficient vapors that will ignite readily. Fire does not have to continue to burn. Ex) friction, lightning, lighter.. Ignition Temperature/Autoignition Temperature - -Minimum temperature required to cause self-sustained combustion in the absence of any source of ignition Particle Size - -Expressed in microns Persistence - -Materials ability to stay within the area of release for long periods 3 physical states - -Solid, liquid, gas Solid - -Has a stable, specific shape, and a definite volume Liquid - -Shape is not definite, but is determined by its container Gas - -No definite shape or volume Ionizing Radiation - -Alpha, beta, gamma, neutron Significance/Impact of Radiation - -High energy causes a physical change Damage leads to genetic mutations Neutron Radiation is not commonly encountered in transportation situations Non-Iodizing Radiation - -Microwaves, radio waves, and visible light Specific Gravity - -Weight of a liquid or solid as compared to an equal amount of water Water is given a value of 1.0 Less than 1.0 = floats Greater than 1.0 = sinks Cannot mix with water Toxic Products of Combustion - -May alter the original products Smoke, Steam, and runoff from fire and fire fighting operations may contaminate a larger area Vapor Density - -Weight of a vapor as compared to an equal amount of air Air is given a value of 1.0 Less than 1.0 = rises and dissipates Greater than 1.0 = seeks low lying areas Vapor Pressure - -Vapor and liquid phases are in equilibrium in a closed container Water solubility - -Ability of a material to blend uniformly with another Terms for solubility - -Yes- is soluble No- isn't soluble Slight- partly soluble May be described in percentages Contamination - -Transfer of hazardous material from persons, equipment, and the environment in greater than acceptable quantities Secondary contamination - -Indirect transfer, carries a contaminant away from the hot zone Exposure and contamination - -People exposed are not always contaminated People contaminated must have been exposed Exposure and hazard - -Hazard is something capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health and safety Exposure is affected by duration and concentration Infectious - -Exposure to harmful micro organisms. Micro organisms multiple and typically attack other organs or cells. Not all infectious diseases are contagious. Contagious - -Being transmitted from one individual to another through contact, typically by bodily fluids or secretions Acute effects - -Present symptoms immediately Chronic effects - -Manifest at a later time Acute exposures - -Large concentrations over a short period of tome Chronic exposures - -Long periods of time Three types of stress - -Thermal, mechanical, chemical Stress - -Applied force or system of forces Thermal stress - -Radiated, convected, conducted or direct heat exposure Mechanical stress - -Some dominant physical force Chemical stress - -Reaction or interaction between a chemical(s) coming in contact with the container or its contents Five breaches - -Disintegration, run-away cracking, closures opening up, punctures, splits/tears Disintegration - -Container material fails due to rust, corrosion Run-away cracking - -Small crack that unexpectedly develops into a swiftly growing crack. Outcome is usually a breach that breaks apart violently (BLEVE) Closures opening up - -Failure