Portage Learning Chem 210 - Module 7 Problem Set.

A scientist uses the term flux regarding a biochemical pathway. What does flux mean? Flux is the rate of flow through a biochemical pathway. A particular pathway breaks down proteins into amino acids. Is this an anabolic or a catabolic pathway? Catabolic. This is degradation of a molecule. The acetyl group is connected to CoA to make Acetyl-CoA. A) What specific atom of CoA connects to the carbon atom on the acetyl group? B) What nucleotide base is part of CoA? A) Sulfur B) Adenine Both carbohydrates and lipids are broken down into Acetyl-CoA for further processing. What pathway does Acetyl-CoA go to next? Citric Acid Cycle (CAC) What is the “ETC” and what happens there? Electron transport chain. NADH is converted into ATP at the ETC. What is the sign (+ or -) of ΔG for the breakdown of ATP to ADP? Why is the sign important? (-). A negative means spontaneous, or favorable, and is able to power other processes. What molecule (FADH2, ATP, ADP, or CoA) is shown below? ADP What are the two phases of glycolysis? How many reactions in each? The preparatory phase and payoff phase. Five reactions in each. How many ATPs are invested in glycolysis? 2 What is the net number of ATP gained from glycolysis? 2 (2 invested, 4 gained, for a net of 2) How many reactions of glycolysis have a single arrow “→” in their reaction equation? 3 What is the fate of pyruvate produced in glycolysis? Under anaerobic conditions, it goes to lactate or sometimes ethanol or other products to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis. Under aerobic conditions, it proceeds to the citric acid cycle.