SCRN Exam Questions with correct Answers

Function of the Frontal Lobe - Answer- "EXECUTIVE" functions reasoning, emotions, judgement, voluntary movement planning and initiation, personality expression and moderation of social functions Broca's area is in this lobe (production of speech) Function of the Parietal Lobe - Answer- "SENSES" Processes sensory input Language processing, recognition and orientation, and sensory of perception stimuli Gustatory area is here in which your taste buds are here Function of Right Parietal Lobe - Answer- interpretation of the body in accordance to the objects within its surroundings Function of the Left Parietal Lobe - Answer- Ability to understand numbers and manipulation of objects Function of the Occipital Lobe - Answer- visual processing, visual spatial processing, motor perception and color recognition Function of the Temporal Lobe - Answer- Wernicke's are is here in which responsible for hearing and speech processing/ speech and memory and recognition of auditory stimuli Function of the cerebellum - Answer- Balance and coordination Coordination of voluntary movements; equilibrium and muscle tone Central Sulcus - Answer- separates the frontal and parietal lobes Lateral Sulcus - Answer- also known as Sylvian Fissure; separates the frontal and temporal lobes What is the brainstem composed of? - Answer- Midbrain, Medulla Oblongata, and Pons Function of the Midbrain - Answer- Processes sight, sound, and reflex Maintains consciousness Maintains respiratory and cardiovascular homeostasis Function of the Pons - Answer- Connects cerebellum to the cerebrum Controls regulating breathing Controls involuntary swallowing processes Functions of the Medulla Oblongata - Answer- regulates autonomic functions like RR, HR, and digestive processes like vomiting, sneezing, swallowing, coughing, and balance Pneumonic For Cranial Nerves - Answer- OLD OPERATORS OCCASIONALLY TROUBLESHOOT TRICKY ABDUCTED FAMILY VETERANS GALLOPING VALIANTLY ACROSS HISTORY Pneumonic for cranial nerves if it's sensory or motor - Answer- SOME SAY MARRY MONEY BUT MY BROTHER SAYS BIG BRAINS MATTER MORE Where is the sensory cortex located? - Answer- parietal lobe; in the postcentral gyrus where is the motor cortex located - Answer- in the precentral gyrus; anterior to the central sulcus which separates the frontal and parietal lobe What is the two halves of the brain separated by? - Answer- Medial longitudinal fissure Function of the Corpus Callosum - Answer- connects the right and left hemisphere together and facilitates communication Function of the Left Cerebral Cortex - Answer- controls the right side of the body and speech center Function of the Right Cerebral Cortex - Answer- controls the left side of the body and "spatial" relationship What are the three protective membranes? (innermost to outer) - Answer- REMEMBER PAD PIA, ARACHNOID, AND DURA MATER Pia Mater - Answer- Innermost layer of the meninges Fits the brain like a glove Covers the surface of the brain Arachnoid Mater - Answer- middle layer of meninges; cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels found here; "spiderweb-like mother" Dura Mater - Answer- thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord composed of thick, fibrous connective tissue what are the two notable dural folds? - Answer- the FALX and TENTORIUM Falx - Answer- separates the right and left hemispheres of the brain tentorium - Answer- separates cerebrum from cerebellum Where do most subarachnoid hemorrhage form? - Answer- in the subarachnoid space since this is where most cerebral blood vessels lie and aneurysms commonly form on the vessels What does the central sulcus separate? - Answer- the frontal and parietal lobes What does the lateral sulcus/ fissure separate? - Answer- the frontal and temporal lobes What is the diencephalon composed of? - Answer- Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland What is the function of the thalamus? - Answer- "ROUTER" serves as the relay station between the cerebral cortex and the brainstem relays auditory, somatosensory. visual, and gustatory signals influences arousal and consciousness What is the function of the hypothalamus? - Answer- "HOMEOSTASIS" connection between the cortex and the pituitary gland controls the release of the right major hormones of the pituitary controls body temperature, blood pressure, hunger and thirst, sexual behavior, and circadian rhythms What is the function of the pituitary gland? - Answer- Anterior portion releases hormones that influence BP, metabolism, glucogenesis, lactation, ovulation, growth, and immune response Posterior portion releases hormones that influence labor, birth, lactation and blood pressure What is the function of the basal ganglia? - Answer- Motor Control 1. Caudate Nucleus 2. Putamen 3. Globus Pallidus What makes up the brain stem? - Answer- Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata What is the function of the midbrain? - Answer- Processes sight, sound, reflex, and maintain consciousness Functions to maintain cardiovascular and respiratory homeostasis What is the function of the pons? - Answer- Serves as the communication and coordination center between the cerebrum and cerebellum -controls sleep, respiratory drives, swallowing, hearing, balance, bladder control, taste, eye movement, and facial expression and sensation -reticular formation is here in which it control consciousness Which cranial nerves are in the midbrain? - Answer- 3 and 4 (oculomotor and trochlear= eyes) Which cranial nerves are in the pons? - Answer- 5, 6, 7, 8 (trigeminal, abducens, facial, and vestibulocochlear) What is the function of the medulla oblongata? - Answer- lowest portion of the brainstem connecting the SPINAL CORD AT FORAMEN MAGNUM controls respiratory and heart rates, and digestion What cranial nerves are located in the medulla oblongata? - Answer- 9, 10, 12 glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal What is the function of the cerebellum? - Answer- BODY CONTROL AND MOTION MEMORY What happens when there is an obstruction of the right carotid artery? - Answer- Causes weakness and loss of sensation of the left side of the body What happens when there is an obstruction in the vertebral artery distribution? - Answer- Affects the circulation to the visual area of the cerebrum, the brainstem, and cerebellum causes visual loss, dizziness, and etc What happens when there is an occlusion in the anterior cerebral artery? - Answer- loss of strength and sensation in lower part of the body what happens when there is an occlusion in the MCA? - Answer- affects the strength and sensation in upper regions of the body What makes up the Circle of Willis? - Answer- 1. Internal Carotid Arteries 2. Anterior Cerebral Arteries 3. Anterior Communicating Artery 4. Posterior Cerebral Artery 5. Posterior Communicating Arteries What is not considered to be part of the circle of willis? - Answer- Middle Cerebral Artery Vertebral Artery Basilar Artery What is the function of the internal c