PSYC 140 Module 1 exam 2023 with verified solutions

Lifespan Development Define physical, social, cognitive, and emotional changes throughout human life Factors of lifespan development 1. lifelong 2. multidirectional 3. multidisciplinary 4. multidimensional (biological, social, emotional, cognitive, moral) Maturation: adults ____, while children ____ age, grow Nature biological, genetic people are BORN a specific way Nurture environmental, learned/influenced by others people change based on surroundings - raising, human environment, etc Continuous development Various stages of development gradually flow into one another Can be difficult to determine when one stage starts and another starts Behaviorists Discontinuous development Developmental stages are distinct One stage definitely ends before another begins Stage theorists Sigmund Freud Psychosexual stages of development Proposed the id, ego, superego are what develop one's personality Proposed 5 stages of development involving a conflict and fixation with an area of the body associated with gratification/pleasure Freud's 5 stages of development 1. Oral stage: birth-18 months: relief from anxiety through oral gratification of needs 2. Anal stage: 18 months-3yoa: learning independence and control, with focus on the excretory function 3. Phallic stage: 3-5yoa: identification with parent of same sex; development of sexual identity; focus on genital organs 4. Latency stage: 5 years-puberty: sexuality is repressed; focus is on relationships with same-sex peers 5. Genital stage: puberty-adulthood: libido is reawakened as genital organs mature; focus is on relationships with members of the opposite sex