First aid study guide Hosa CPR first aid competition already graded A

First aid study guide Hosa CPR first aid competition already graded A
First aid is not full and complete treatment - Ans>>True

first aid - Ans>>immediate care that is given to the victim of an injury or illness to minimize the effect
of the injury or illness until experts can take over

Treatment will vary depending on... - Ans>>Type of injury/illness; environment; others present;
equipment or supplies on hand; availability of medical help

The first step to first aid is recognizing an emergency exists - Ans>>True

After determining an emergency exists the next step is to take appropriate action to help the
victim/victims - Ans>>True

Steps of care - Ans>>Check the scene
Determin conciousness
Never move an injured person unless they are in danger
Call EMS ASAP (if you are alone call EMS before providing care to certain patients)

What do you tell the EMS on the phone? - Ans>>Situation, actions taken, exact location, telephone
number from which you're calling, assistance required, number of people involved, and condition of
victim(s)

Call EMS before providing any care when you are caring for... - Ans>>An unconscious adult
An unconscious child who has reached puberty
An unconscious infant or child with a high risk for heart problems

If you are caring for _______________ shout for help and start CPR if needed - Ans>>An unconscious
infant or child one year of age to puberty
Any victim of submersion or near drowning
Any victim with cardiac arrest by drug overdose or trauma
(If no one arives to call EMS, continue providing care to the victim by giving 5 cycles of cpr (approx. 2
minutes) then go to the nearest phone, call for EMS, and return immediately to the victim

Triage - Ans>>A method of prioritizing treatment

life threatening conditions include - Ans>>No breathing or difficulty breathing
No pulse
Severe bleeding
Persistent pain in the chest or abdomen
Vomiting or passing blood
Poisoning
Head neck, or spine injuries
Open chest or abdominal wounds
Shock
Severe partial-thickness and all full-thickness burns

Report abnormalities notes to emergency medical services when they arrive at the scene - Ans>>True

Obtain only information you consider necessary - Ans>>False; obtain as much information regarding
the accident or illness as possible

Wound - Ans>>involves injury to the soft tissues

Abrasion - Ans>>the skin is scraped off

, incision - Ans>>cut or injury caused by a sharp object such as a knife, scissors, or razor blade

laceration - Ans>>Tearing of the tissues by way of excessive force

Puncture - Ans>>Caused be a Sharp object such as a pin, nail, or pointed instrument

Avulsion - Ans>>tissue is torn or separated from victim's body

amputation - Ans>>body part is cut off and separated from the body

Controlling bleeding is not the first priority in caring for wounds - Ans>>False; it is the first because it
is possible for a victim to bleed to death in a short period of time

Arterial blood - Ans>>spurts from wound, heavy blood loss, and is bright red

venous blood - Ans>>slower, steadier, dark red or maroon, constant and can lead to a large blood loss
but easier to control

Capillary blood - Ans>>oozes from the wound slowly, less red than arterial blood, clots easily

What are the four (4) main methods to control bleeding in order? - Ans>>Direct pressure
Elevation
Pressure bandage
Pressure points

Once you elevate you can stop direct pressure and let gravity take over - Ans>>False; once you have
elevated continues direct pressure

For minor wounds that do not involve severe bleeding what is the first priority? - Ans>>Preventing
infection

List five (5) signs of infection - Ans>>Any 5 of these
Swelling
Heat
Redness
Pain
Fever
Pus
Red streaks leading from the wound

Signs and symptoms of closed wounds: list 5 - Ans>>Pain
Tenderness
Swelling
Deformity
Cold and clammy skin
Rapid and weak pulse
Drop in blood pressure
Uncontrolled restlessness
Excessive thirst
Vomited blood
Blood in urine or feces

Shock or hypoperfusion - Ans>>A clinical set of signs and symptoms associated with an inadequate
supply of blood to body organs, especially the brain and heart