CASP questions with 100% correct answers

Key Stretching - Answer -A cryptographic technique that makes a weak key stronger by increasing the time it takes to test each possible key. In key stretching, the original key is fed into an algorithm to produce an enhanced key, which should be at least 128 bits for effectiveness. -Systems that use key stretching include Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), GNU Privacy Guard (GPG), Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), and WPA2. Widely used password key stretching algorithms include Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2 (PBKDF2), bcrypt, and scrypt. Hashing - Answer -Hashing involves running data through a cryptographic function to produce a one-way message digest. -The message digest represents the data but cannot be reversed in order to determine the original data. -Because the message digest is unique, it can be used to check data integrity. Hash collision - Answer A collision occurs when a hash function produces the same hash value on different messages. MD2 - Answer -The MD2 message digest algorithm produces a 128-bit hash value. It performs 18 rounds of computations. Although MD2 is still in use today, it is much slower than MD4, MD5, and MD6. MD4 - Answer -The MD4 algorithm also produces a 128-bit hash value. However, it performs only three rounds of computations. Although MD4 is faster than MD2, its use has significantly declined because attacks against it have been very successful MD5 - Answer -Like the other MD algorithms, the MD5 algorithm produces a 128-bit hash value. It performs four rounds of computations. It was originally created because of the issues with MD4, and it is more complex than MD4. However, MD5 is not collision free.