Research Methods for Social Work Final Questions With All Correct Answers

Research Methods for Social Work Final Questions With All Correct Answers scientific method characteristics - ANSWER 1. universalism 2. organized skepticism 3. disinterestedness 4. communalism 5. honesty AB design - ANSWER a single system design in which there is a comparison between the baseline (A) and an intervention period (B). ABAB design - ANSWER a single system design taht is aka as a withdrawal or reversal design, where the AB design is duplicated to increase the validity of the results. ABC design - ANSWER a single system design in which the baseline (A) is followed by one intervention period (B) and a second intervention period (C). Aka successive intervention design. alternate form - ANSWER a method of testing an instrument's reliability where different but equivalent forms of the same test are administered to the same group of individuals, usually close in time and then compared. alternative hypothesis - ANSWER aka rival hypothesis. analytical study - ANSWER an approach to writing a qualitative report that looks at relationships between variables. anonymity - ANSWER a condition in which the researcher cannot identify a given response with a given respondent. applicability - ANSWER whether or not a mesasuring instrument is appropriate and suitable for a particular problem. applied research - ANSWER research that produces practical outcomes and is directed at soloving problems encountered in social work practice. assent - ANSWER a simple explanation to participants about the nature of the research taht might effect their decision as to whether they want to participatem may be used with children or people with dementia. authority - ANSWER outside sources of knowledge. availability sampling - ANSWER aka convenience sampling. a nonprobability sampling method where available or convenient elements are included in the sample. baseline - ANSWER repeated measurement before the introduction of the intervention that allows for the comparison of target behaviour rates before and after the intervention. baseline comparison - ANSWER a strategy for comparing the equivalency between experimental and comparison groups where the comparison group is composed of cases handled prior to the introduction of the program. bivariate measures - ANSWER a method of measuring the relationship between two variables. block grants - ANSWER grants awarded to states according to a specific formula and funded by legislative appropriations. case example - ANSWER a description of teh application of an intervention. case study - ANSWER an approach to writing a qualitative report. causality - ANSWER a principle that involes meeting three conditions: 1) two factors are empirically related to one another; 2) the cause precedes the effect in time; and 3) the relationship between the factors cannot be explained by other factors. celeration line - ANSWER a means of predicting the dependent variable in single systems studies. chronological narrative - ANSWER an approach to writing a qualitiative report that tracks a phenomenon through time. clinical significance - ANSWER significance level that is achieved when the specified goal of the intervention has been reached. cluster diagram - ANSWER one method of developing a classification system in the analysis of qualitative data. cluster sampling - ANSWER a form of probability sampling that involves randomly sampling a larger unit containing the elemnts of interest and then sampling from these larger units the elements to be included in the final sample. comparison groups - ANSWER can be used to increase the internal and external validity of group designs. construct vailidity - ANSWER a means of testing an instrument's validity; involves examining the extent to which an instrument measures a theoretical construct. content analysis - ANSWER a method of coding written communication to a systematic quantifiable form. content validity - ANSWER a method of testing an instrument's validity that involves ensuring that the content of the instrument corresponds to the concepts being measured. contigency table - ANSWER a measure of association aka cross-tabulation. continuous variables - ANSWER actual instances can take on values taht need not be expressed in whole numbers. control group - ANSWER subjects who do not receive the intervention being evaluated and who have been randomly assigned. convenience sampling - ANSWER aka availability sampling. correlation - ANSWER a measure of association used with interval or ratio level data. correlation coefficient - ANSWER a statistic that measures the extent to which the comparisons are similar or not similar, related or not related. criterion sampling - ANSWER a type of nonprobability sampling wherein one selects all cases that meet some criterion. criterion validity - ANSWER the extent to which a correlation exists between the measuring instrument and another standard. cross-sectional design - ANSWER a method of measuing behaviour as it occurs at one point in time or over a relatively short period of time. cross-tabulation - ANSWER aka contigency table. curvilinear - ANSWER an irregular or variable relationship between variables. deductive reasoning - ANSWER a process of drawing conclusions from the general to the particular; opposite to the process of induction. dependent variable - ANSWER the outcome variable that has been presumably affected by the independent variable. descriptive research - ANSWER a process of recording and reporting phenomena; not primarily concerned with causes.