Financial Math Flashcards chapter
1Questions and Answers Grade A+ 2023
A key difference between principles and theories is that:
A)principles are based on data, whereas theories are based on intuitions.
B) principles can be applied to a variety of different situations, whereas theories are specific to
only one phenomenon.
C) principles tend to be fairly stable over time, whereas theories are expanded and modified
based on new research.
D)principles provide possible explanations for learning or development, whereas theories simply
identify important factors. - -principles tend to be fairly stable over time, whereas theories are
expanded and modified based on new research.
-Dr. Kenney conducts a study in which she gives some students (chosen randomly) logically
organized learning material; she gives other students the same material presented in a haphazard,
unpredictable sequence. She finds that students with the organized material remember more. This
study can best be described as:
A) an experiment study
B) a theoretical study
C) a correlation study
D) a descriptive study - -an experiment study
-Which one of the following is the best example of a teacher's pedagogical content knowledge?
A) Making a reasonable guess as to why a particular student misbehaves just before lunch time
every day
B) Knowing several effective ways to teach students about negative numbers
C) Knowing what researchers have discovered about the effectiveness of discovery learning
approaches to instruction
D) Understanding why water expands when it freezes - -Knowing several effective ways to teach
students about negative numbers
-Mr. Jacobs wants to find out whether a new program for teaching physical education promotes
students' physical development. He gives his students a number of tests before they begin the
program (pretests) and the same tests again after they have been in the program for eight months
(posttests). He finds that the students' posttest scores are higher than their pretest scores and so
concludes that the program is effective. What is definitely wrong with Mr. Jacobs' conclusion?
A) Tests are not a good measure of physical development.
B) Eight months is too short a time for such a program to have a long-term effect.
C) The posttests should always be different from the pretests.
D) There are other possible explanations for his results. - -There are other possible explanations
for his results.
-Which one of the following statements is most accurate regarding psychological theories?
,A) Any single theory can be used to explain virtually every aspect of human behavior.
B) Theories are continually modified as new data emerge.
C) Theories have been proven to be true.
D) Theories will eventually be replaced by physiological (brain-based) explanations of behavior.
- -Theories are continually modified as new data emerge.
-A French teacher reads an article about how visual imagery (i.e., "picturing" things in one's
mind) can be used to help students learn French vocabulary words. To find out if visual imagery
is more effective than verbal repetition in learning vocabulary words, she develops two different
study guides for her students-one that tells students how to use visual imagery to learn French
words, and one that tells them just to repeat the words over and over again-and randomly
distributes the two study guides to her students. Over the next few weeks, the teacher finds that
students using visual imagery study guides achieve higher average quiz scores. She concludes
that the study guides describing the visual imagery technique help her students learn their French
vocabulary words. Is the teacher's conclusion valid?
A) No, because her experiment wasn't conducted in a laboratory.
B) Yes, because her students probably all had similar IQ scores.
C) No, because she used random assignment.
D) Yes, because she was able to manipulate a variable in the environment. - -Yes, because she
was able to manipulate a variable in the environment.
-Considering the research findings described in the textbook, only one of the following is a true
statement. Which one is true?
A) Girls have a noticeable advantage over boys on verbal tasks.
B) For optimal performance, students should never feel the least bit anxious in the classroom.
C) Repeating something over and over is usually the most effective way to learn it.
D) Students often study differently for different kinds of classroom assessments. - -Students
often study differently for different kinds of classroom assessments.
-Experimental research requires which one of the following?
A) Studying behavior in an actual classroom environment
B) Manipulating an aspect of the environment
C) Describing every variable in the study in considerable detail
D) Being able to predict two or more variables - -Manipulating an aspect of the environment
-The textbook offers several suggestions for studying a textbook effectively. Which one of the
following is not necessarily recommended?
A) Relate new ideas to things you already know.
B) Take detailed notes on the book's content.
C) Occasionally stop and check to make sure you understand.
D) Draw inferences from the things you read. - -Take detailed notes on the book's content.
-A study that tells us whether two variables are associated, but does not tell us if one variable
causes or influences the other, is:
A) an experimental study with one or more control groups.
B) an experimental study without a control group.
, C) a correlational study.
D) a descriptive study. - -a correlational study.
-Judging from the textbook's discussion of educational research, which one of the following
would be the best course of action for teachers to take?
A) Teachers shouldn't take research findings very seriously, because there are too many "holes"
in what we know from research.
B) Teachers should focus on research that relates to a single theoretical perspective (such as
Piaget's theory or information processing theory).
C) Teachers should always go with their common sense and "gut" feelings about how to teach,
regardless of any research findings to the contrary.
D) Teachers can use findings from educational research to guide their classroom decision
making. - -Teachers can use findings from educational research to guide their classroom decision
making.
-A researcher is interested in the possible effect of teacher-student ratios on students' learning.
She finds 10 fifth-grade classrooms with 30-40 students per class and 10 others with 15-25
students per class. She discovers that there is a correlation between class size and student
achievement. Which one of the following conclusions can we draw from this study?
A) Classes should be as small as is reasonably possible.
B) The researcher has conducted a descriptive study.
C) Class size can help us predict school achievement.
D) Classes should be as large as is reasonably possible. - -Class size can help us predict school
achievement.
-Which one of the following high school teachers clearly has high self-efficacy about his or her
teaching?
A) Mr. Driver is confident that he can get even seemingly "unmotivated" students excited about
science.
B) Ms. Crosby insists that students complete their math homework using a particular format.
C) Ms. Bouthot has a hypothesis about why some students in her English class rarely turn in their
assignments.
D) Mr. Abbot thinks that teaching is simply a matter of reading textbook passages aloud to his
history class. - -Mr. Driver is confident that he can get even seemingly "unmotivated" students
excited about science.
-Which one of the following teaching practices is definitely an example of evidence-based
practice?
A) A kindergarten teacher asks students to bring something from home that begins with the letter
B.
B) A high school art teacher encourages students to choose a medium (e.g., clay, watercolor
paints) that they can best use to express themselves.
C) A fourth-grade teacher uses a reading program that research has shown to be effective for
fourth graders.
D) A seventh-grade science teacher asks students to conduct experiments in which they must
determine which one of several variables makes a pendulum swing fast or more slowly. - -A
1Questions and Answers Grade A+ 2023
A key difference between principles and theories is that:
A)principles are based on data, whereas theories are based on intuitions.
B) principles can be applied to a variety of different situations, whereas theories are specific to
only one phenomenon.
C) principles tend to be fairly stable over time, whereas theories are expanded and modified
based on new research.
D)principles provide possible explanations for learning or development, whereas theories simply
identify important factors. - -principles tend to be fairly stable over time, whereas theories are
expanded and modified based on new research.
-Dr. Kenney conducts a study in which she gives some students (chosen randomly) logically
organized learning material; she gives other students the same material presented in a haphazard,
unpredictable sequence. She finds that students with the organized material remember more. This
study can best be described as:
A) an experiment study
B) a theoretical study
C) a correlation study
D) a descriptive study - -an experiment study
-Which one of the following is the best example of a teacher's pedagogical content knowledge?
A) Making a reasonable guess as to why a particular student misbehaves just before lunch time
every day
B) Knowing several effective ways to teach students about negative numbers
C) Knowing what researchers have discovered about the effectiveness of discovery learning
approaches to instruction
D) Understanding why water expands when it freezes - -Knowing several effective ways to teach
students about negative numbers
-Mr. Jacobs wants to find out whether a new program for teaching physical education promotes
students' physical development. He gives his students a number of tests before they begin the
program (pretests) and the same tests again after they have been in the program for eight months
(posttests). He finds that the students' posttest scores are higher than their pretest scores and so
concludes that the program is effective. What is definitely wrong with Mr. Jacobs' conclusion?
A) Tests are not a good measure of physical development.
B) Eight months is too short a time for such a program to have a long-term effect.
C) The posttests should always be different from the pretests.
D) There are other possible explanations for his results. - -There are other possible explanations
for his results.
-Which one of the following statements is most accurate regarding psychological theories?
,A) Any single theory can be used to explain virtually every aspect of human behavior.
B) Theories are continually modified as new data emerge.
C) Theories have been proven to be true.
D) Theories will eventually be replaced by physiological (brain-based) explanations of behavior.
- -Theories are continually modified as new data emerge.
-A French teacher reads an article about how visual imagery (i.e., "picturing" things in one's
mind) can be used to help students learn French vocabulary words. To find out if visual imagery
is more effective than verbal repetition in learning vocabulary words, she develops two different
study guides for her students-one that tells students how to use visual imagery to learn French
words, and one that tells them just to repeat the words over and over again-and randomly
distributes the two study guides to her students. Over the next few weeks, the teacher finds that
students using visual imagery study guides achieve higher average quiz scores. She concludes
that the study guides describing the visual imagery technique help her students learn their French
vocabulary words. Is the teacher's conclusion valid?
A) No, because her experiment wasn't conducted in a laboratory.
B) Yes, because her students probably all had similar IQ scores.
C) No, because she used random assignment.
D) Yes, because she was able to manipulate a variable in the environment. - -Yes, because she
was able to manipulate a variable in the environment.
-Considering the research findings described in the textbook, only one of the following is a true
statement. Which one is true?
A) Girls have a noticeable advantage over boys on verbal tasks.
B) For optimal performance, students should never feel the least bit anxious in the classroom.
C) Repeating something over and over is usually the most effective way to learn it.
D) Students often study differently for different kinds of classroom assessments. - -Students
often study differently for different kinds of classroom assessments.
-Experimental research requires which one of the following?
A) Studying behavior in an actual classroom environment
B) Manipulating an aspect of the environment
C) Describing every variable in the study in considerable detail
D) Being able to predict two or more variables - -Manipulating an aspect of the environment
-The textbook offers several suggestions for studying a textbook effectively. Which one of the
following is not necessarily recommended?
A) Relate new ideas to things you already know.
B) Take detailed notes on the book's content.
C) Occasionally stop and check to make sure you understand.
D) Draw inferences from the things you read. - -Take detailed notes on the book's content.
-A study that tells us whether two variables are associated, but does not tell us if one variable
causes or influences the other, is:
A) an experimental study with one or more control groups.
B) an experimental study without a control group.
, C) a correlational study.
D) a descriptive study. - -a correlational study.
-Judging from the textbook's discussion of educational research, which one of the following
would be the best course of action for teachers to take?
A) Teachers shouldn't take research findings very seriously, because there are too many "holes"
in what we know from research.
B) Teachers should focus on research that relates to a single theoretical perspective (such as
Piaget's theory or information processing theory).
C) Teachers should always go with their common sense and "gut" feelings about how to teach,
regardless of any research findings to the contrary.
D) Teachers can use findings from educational research to guide their classroom decision
making. - -Teachers can use findings from educational research to guide their classroom decision
making.
-A researcher is interested in the possible effect of teacher-student ratios on students' learning.
She finds 10 fifth-grade classrooms with 30-40 students per class and 10 others with 15-25
students per class. She discovers that there is a correlation between class size and student
achievement. Which one of the following conclusions can we draw from this study?
A) Classes should be as small as is reasonably possible.
B) The researcher has conducted a descriptive study.
C) Class size can help us predict school achievement.
D) Classes should be as large as is reasonably possible. - -Class size can help us predict school
achievement.
-Which one of the following high school teachers clearly has high self-efficacy about his or her
teaching?
A) Mr. Driver is confident that he can get even seemingly "unmotivated" students excited about
science.
B) Ms. Crosby insists that students complete their math homework using a particular format.
C) Ms. Bouthot has a hypothesis about why some students in her English class rarely turn in their
assignments.
D) Mr. Abbot thinks that teaching is simply a matter of reading textbook passages aloud to his
history class. - -Mr. Driver is confident that he can get even seemingly "unmotivated" students
excited about science.
-Which one of the following teaching practices is definitely an example of evidence-based
practice?
A) A kindergarten teacher asks students to bring something from home that begins with the letter
B.
B) A high school art teacher encourages students to choose a medium (e.g., clay, watercolor
paints) that they can best use to express themselves.
C) A fourth-grade teacher uses a reading program that research has shown to be effective for
fourth graders.
D) A seventh-grade science teacher asks students to conduct experiments in which they must
determine which one of several variables makes a pendulum swing fast or more slowly. - -A
