NURS 2346: F&E/Acid Base in Pediatrics questions with correct answers

What is the major electrolyte in the intracellular fluid? - Answer Potassium (K) What is the major electrolyte in the extracellular fluid (ECF)? P.s., ECF is considered to be plasma and interstitial fluid - Answer Sodium (Na) (MUST KNOW) Why are infants and young children at risk for dehydration? - Answer (1) larger body surface area in comparison to their weight (2) dec kidney function (not fully developed yet) (3) inc metabolic rate (4) inc peristalsis (5) can't express that they're thirsty (6) dec function lower esophageal sphincter (LES), possible reflux True/False: Decreased fluid intake or increased fluid loss may cause dehydration - Answer True (MUST KNOW) During periods of rapid fluid depletion, fluid is FIRST lost in the ECF. Due to Na loss, what does this put the child at risk for and what safety precautions must be implemented? - Answer Seizure and seizure precautions True/False: Fluid requirements are calculated on EVERY patient at the BEGINNING of each shift - Answer True (MUST KNOW) When are fluids increased to 1.5 times maintenance? - Answer Fever, dehydration, asthma, tachypnea, pneumonia, burns, vomiting, diarrhea, any insensible losses