AP Computer Science Principles

AP Computer Science Principles Exam (Units 1 through 4) Question and Answer 2023. Bit Correct Answer: The single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1. Bit rate Correct Answer: The number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time (e.g. 8 bits/sec) Protocol Correct Answer: A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices Bandwidth Correct Answer: Transmission capacity is measure by the bit rate Latency Correct Answer: The time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) Correct Answer: The universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand. Code (verb) Correct Answer: To write code, or to write instructions for a computer RFC (Request for Comments) documents Correct Answer: How standards and protocols are defined and published for all to see on the IETF website IP Address Correct Answer: A unique number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet Packets Correct Answer: Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) (Tightly linked with IP, sometimes written as TCP/IP) Correct Answer: Provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet DNS (Domain Name System) Correct Answer: The Internet's system for converting alphabetic names into numeric IP addresses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) Correct Answer: The protocol used by the World Wide Web that describes how messages are formatted and interchanged, and how web servers respond to commands Abstraction (Unit 1- on the Internet) Correct Answer: Reducing information and detail to focus on essential characteristics Server Correct Answer: A computer that awaits and responds to requests for data. Client Correct Answer: A computer that requests data stored on a server Heuristic Correct Answer: A problem-solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible. Lossless Compression Correct Answer: A data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data Image Correct Answer: A type of data used for graphics or pictures Metadata Correct Answer: Data that describes other data (For example, a digital image may include metadata that describe the size of the image, number of colors, or resolution) Pixel Correct Answer: The fundamental unit of a digital image (typically a tiny square or dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image) Hexadecimal (Number System) Correct Answer: A number system consisting of 16 distinct (0-9 and A-F) which can occur in each place value Lossless Correct Answer: A compression scheme in which every bit of the original data can be recovered from the compressed file. Lossy Correct Answer: A compression scheme in which "useless" or less-than-totally-necessary information is thrown out in order to reduce the size of the data. The eliminated data is unrecoverable. Hypothesis Correct Answer: A proposed explanation for some phenomenon used as the basis for further investigation README Correct Answer: A document providing background information about a dataset CSV (comma-separated values) Correct Answer: A widely-used format for storing data Raw data Correct Answer: The original data as it was collected.