Microbiology Straighterline Final Exam 2023 Questions and Answers.

Microbiology Straighterline Final Exam 2023 Questions and Answers. phylogeny - ANSWER The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called ______. Last Universal Common Ancestor - ANSWER The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from ______. always harmful to their host - ANSWER Organisms called parasites are ______. Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior - ANSWER Which of the following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient flow? Electrons - ANSWER The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the ______. respiratory disease - ANSWER The number one worldwide infectious diseases are ______. saturated - ANSWER A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens. lipid - ANSWER One technique for staining bacteria for viewing under the microscope is called the Gram stain. In this technique, alcohol is used as a decolorizer because it degrades the outer membrane found in some bacteria. What chemical component of the cell does alcohol affect? 95X - ANSWER If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X, what is the magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X? cell size of 0.5 to 2 microns - ANSWER NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying fossil bacteria in samples from Mars, as part of a search for evidence of life. Which of the following is good evidence for the presence of bacterial cells? electron - ANSWER Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification? a solid medium - ANSWER Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to nutrient broth that is then boiled and cooled? Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease - ANSWER a spongiform encephalopathy of humans amphitrichous - ANSWER The term that refers to flagella at both poles of the cell is ______. saprobe - ANSWER In the condition called athlete's foot, the fungus Trichophyton consumes the keratin protein found in hair, nails, and dead skin. Which of the following descriptors does not apply to Trichophyton? gram-negative - ANSWER During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization of ______ cells. 80s - ANSWER The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is ______ Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 μm and are blocked by the filter, whereas most viruses are between 20 and 200 nm and therefore pass through. - ANSWER Sterilizing filters have a pore size of 0.22 μm. Which of the following statements is true? icosahedral - ANSWER One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as a/an _____ capsid. fecal oral - ANSWER Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through lysogeny - ANSWER the viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome envelope - ANSWER Which of the following is not associated with every virus? palisade - ANSWER When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this cellular arrangement is termed a ______. histones - ANSWER proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus. tropisms - ANSWER Viral tissue specificities are called ______. lophotrichous - ANSWER the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from a single site is ______. mutualistic - ANSWER E. coli bacteria normally live in the human gut and produce vitamin K that the body uses. This is best termed a ______ relationship. mutualistic - ANSWER Termites are insects that require the protozoan Trichonympha in their gut to synthesize the enzyme cellulase to degrade the cellulose in wood. The protozoan uses the end products of the cellulose breakdown (glucose). This is a(n) ______ relationship. lag phase - ANSWER The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to their new environment, metabolizing but not growing at an exponential rate, is the ______. hypotonic - ANSWER The cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting in ______ conditions.