NUR2474 Exam 2 Review complete latest exam Study guide 2023.

NUR2474 Exam 2 Review complete latest exam Study guide 2023. NUR2474 Test # 2 Review Please review general tips from Quiz review document (test taking strategies, select all that apply questions, etc.). The test will utilize Respondus browser and monitor (using webcam). No notes or textbook allowed on the test. Calculator will be enabled in the browser. General tips for studying: 1. Memorize names of medication categories from the presentation 2. Memorize key drugs from categories above (there are many questions with specific drug names) 3. Use generic names 4. When reviewing particular drugs note category, indications, common side effects, toxicity signs (if applicable), reversal agents, mechanism of action (e.g. agonizing or antagonizing which receptors) 5. Read question instructions (there will be ‘select all that apply’ questions) Topics to review: 1. Educating patients on how to use metered dose inhalers (wait 1 min between puffs, etc.). a. Metered dose inhaler: (MDI) handheld device delivering a measured dose of a drug with each actuation i. Dosing is usually accomplished with 1-2 inhalations ii. When 2 inhalations are needed, 1-minute interval is needed in between iii. Begin inhalation before activating device iv. Even with optimal use, only about 10% of the drug reaches the lungs, 80% is swallowed, and 10% is left in the device or exhaled. v. Spacers- attach directly to MDI to increased delivery of drugs to the lungs vi. After inhaler use rinse mouth and gurgle, especially with glucocorticoids (steroid), can cause the steroid to be absorbed through membrane 2. Know the difference between short and long term treatments for asthma and COPD a. Long term treatments i. Anti-inflammatory drugs (Glucocorticoids: inhaled or oral, leukotriene modifiers, cromolyn, omalizumab) 1. Corticosteroid 2. Minimize systemic effects ii. Bronchodilators (Long acting beta2 agonists, theophylline) iii. Drugs are taken daily for long term control iv. Glucocorticoids for long term prophylaxis (prednisone) b. Short term treatments i. bronchodilators (short acting beta2 agonists, anticholinergics: Tiotropium) 1. albuterol lOMoARcPSD| ii. Provide symptomatic relief but do not alter the underlying disease process (inflammation) iii. Asthma patients taking bronchodilators should also be taking glucocorticoids for long-term suppression of inflammation 3. Know classifications for respiratory drugs (what’s used as a rescue inhaler, and what is for long term management) a. Rescue inhaler i. Bronchodilator-beta 2adrenergic agonist 1. Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) 2. Terbutaline sulfate (brethine) 3. Indicated for acute exacerbations of asthma, relief of bronchoconstriction due to bronchitis and emphysema and longterm control of chronic airway disease. 4. Effects start within minutes and last for 2-4 hours. b. Long-term treatment i. Corticosteroids (glucocorticoids) –long term and prophylaxis 1. Fluticasone (flonase) 2. Budesonide (Pulmicort, rhinocort) 3. Prednisone (deltasone) 4. Methylprednisolone (solu-medrol) ii. Bronchodilators (antileukotriene-leukotriene receptor antagonists) 1. Montelukast (singulair) 2. Zafirlukast (accolate) 4. Treatment of acute asthma i. may have to give IV corticosteroid glucocorticoid short term; and give rescue inhaler. 1. May need to add albuterol, nebulizer treatment, oxygen, or ipratropium ii. Bronchodilators: beta2 adrenergic agonist 1. Action: activation of beta2 receptors in the smooth muscle of the lungs, promotes b