Ichthyology Exam I (correct answers)
Ichthyology correct answers branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish
Encompasses fish management, genetics, limnology, and general ecology
Taxonomy of a fish correct answers kingdom: animalia
Phylum: chordata
Subphylum: vertebrata (craniata)
- Agnatha (no jaw) or gnathostoma (jawed)
what is a fish? correct answers poikilothermic (cold-blooded, body temp matches
environment), aquatic chordate w/ appendages (when present) developed as fins,
whose chief respiratory organs are gills and whose body is usually covered w/ scales
population correct answers a group of individuals of the same species in a defined area
at a given time
group correct answers -individuals sharing a common gene pool or a common set of
morphometric and meristic characters
-similar morphology
ex. all largemouth bass in a farm pond
deme or stock correct answers deme: genetic based
stock: fisheries management term
metapopulation correct answers -series of small, separate populations that are united
by migration of individuals among them
- sets of populations persisting in a balance between local extinction and colonization
ex. source-sink or core-satellite
assemblage correct answers all fish species in a defined area or habitat, irrespective of
whether they interact or not
used more to refer to grouping fishes based where interaction is not important
ex. species that coexist in the same location like a stream fish assemblage
community correct answers all organisms in a defined area or habitat, irrespective of
taxonomic identity, that interact directly or indirectly
ex. a riffle community
guild correct answers -group of species in a community that exploit the same class of
resources in a similar way
- common activity or function in environment
ex.
,- fish feeding guilds: pelagic open water feeders vs. benthic bottom feeders
- fish reproductive guilds
ecosysytem correct answers the community and the physical environment with which it
interacts (organisms and their environment)
ex. stream ecosystem or coral reef
landscape correct answers spatial matrix in which organisms, populations, ecosystems
are set
ex. stream and its watershed
freshwater lentic correct answers stagnant water
ex. ponds or lakes
-separated into zones:
littoral zone: close to shore, often has vegetation
sublittoral zone: next to littoral zone, vegetation still present
pelagic zone: open water
thermocline: temperature gradient or change
profundal zone: bottom of the pond/lake. below the 1% incident light level
ocean zones???? add more to this/clarify from book correct answers broken up into the
pelagic/benthic realms, and neritic/littoral/deep-sea/oceanic systems
pelagic: open water
benthic: bottom
neritic system
streams/rivers lotic correct answers flowing water
several zones:
- pool areas: slow flowing deep water, often on the outside of bends
- run or glide: smooth, unbroken flow connecting riffle and pool areas
- riffle or shoal: fast, shallow flow over boulders and cobbles which break the water
surface
phytoplankton correct answers chlorophyll enables production of energy from sun's rays
component of a lot of fish diets
zooplankton correct answers feed on phytoplankton
some have flagella for movement
which systems tend to have more phytoplankton/zooplankton, lentic or lotic? correct
answers lentic because it is stagnant
p/zplankton can't handle movement
, in the system that has less p/z plankton, what constitutes the bulk of primary
production? correct answers lotic
sources:
-alochthinous nutrients: nutrients from outside (ex. leaves)
-attached algae: ex. on rocks
aquatic food web correct answers flow:
phytoplankton-> zooplankton->primary consumers->secondary consumers
terrestrial organic matter and phytoplankton become suspended organic matter, this
becomes detrital organic matter (on the bottom) and is consumed by benthic consumers
or resuspended in water
Peter Artedi correct answers Father of Ichthyology
-1705-1735
-swedish naturalist, he developed standard methods for making counts and
measurements
-drowned in Amsterdam at age 30:(
Carl Linnaeus correct answers Father of modern taxonomy
1701-1778
- developed binomial nomenclature; genus, species
- same university as Artedi, friends, but there is a conspiracy that he had to do w/
Artedi's death since he published Artedi's work after his death and became famous
David Starr Jordan correct answers Father of North American Ichthyology
1851-1931
-published many (650) influential writings on fish and advised other famous
ichthyologists
-first president of Stanford University
- not really a nice guy: involved in murder of Jane Stanford and believed in eugenics
Eugenie Clark correct answers Shark Lady
American ichthyologist
-published many (175+) scientific articles and two books
-promoted marine conservation
Ruth Hoppin correct answers -discovered the Ozark cavefish in 1888 in a Sarcoxie cave
in Missouri
- she was a school teacher
Pre-1985 correct answers -many states did not have "fishes of..." books
databases of fish distributions and sample locations were rare
-use of genetic tools were just beginning- rare because didn't understand the
applications/connections
-many core theories developed and tested
Ichthyology correct answers branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish
Encompasses fish management, genetics, limnology, and general ecology
Taxonomy of a fish correct answers kingdom: animalia
Phylum: chordata
Subphylum: vertebrata (craniata)
- Agnatha (no jaw) or gnathostoma (jawed)
what is a fish? correct answers poikilothermic (cold-blooded, body temp matches
environment), aquatic chordate w/ appendages (when present) developed as fins,
whose chief respiratory organs are gills and whose body is usually covered w/ scales
population correct answers a group of individuals of the same species in a defined area
at a given time
group correct answers -individuals sharing a common gene pool or a common set of
morphometric and meristic characters
-similar morphology
ex. all largemouth bass in a farm pond
deme or stock correct answers deme: genetic based
stock: fisheries management term
metapopulation correct answers -series of small, separate populations that are united
by migration of individuals among them
- sets of populations persisting in a balance between local extinction and colonization
ex. source-sink or core-satellite
assemblage correct answers all fish species in a defined area or habitat, irrespective of
whether they interact or not
used more to refer to grouping fishes based where interaction is not important
ex. species that coexist in the same location like a stream fish assemblage
community correct answers all organisms in a defined area or habitat, irrespective of
taxonomic identity, that interact directly or indirectly
ex. a riffle community
guild correct answers -group of species in a community that exploit the same class of
resources in a similar way
- common activity or function in environment
ex.
,- fish feeding guilds: pelagic open water feeders vs. benthic bottom feeders
- fish reproductive guilds
ecosysytem correct answers the community and the physical environment with which it
interacts (organisms and their environment)
ex. stream ecosystem or coral reef
landscape correct answers spatial matrix in which organisms, populations, ecosystems
are set
ex. stream and its watershed
freshwater lentic correct answers stagnant water
ex. ponds or lakes
-separated into zones:
littoral zone: close to shore, often has vegetation
sublittoral zone: next to littoral zone, vegetation still present
pelagic zone: open water
thermocline: temperature gradient or change
profundal zone: bottom of the pond/lake. below the 1% incident light level
ocean zones???? add more to this/clarify from book correct answers broken up into the
pelagic/benthic realms, and neritic/littoral/deep-sea/oceanic systems
pelagic: open water
benthic: bottom
neritic system
streams/rivers lotic correct answers flowing water
several zones:
- pool areas: slow flowing deep water, often on the outside of bends
- run or glide: smooth, unbroken flow connecting riffle and pool areas
- riffle or shoal: fast, shallow flow over boulders and cobbles which break the water
surface
phytoplankton correct answers chlorophyll enables production of energy from sun's rays
component of a lot of fish diets
zooplankton correct answers feed on phytoplankton
some have flagella for movement
which systems tend to have more phytoplankton/zooplankton, lentic or lotic? correct
answers lentic because it is stagnant
p/zplankton can't handle movement
, in the system that has less p/z plankton, what constitutes the bulk of primary
production? correct answers lotic
sources:
-alochthinous nutrients: nutrients from outside (ex. leaves)
-attached algae: ex. on rocks
aquatic food web correct answers flow:
phytoplankton-> zooplankton->primary consumers->secondary consumers
terrestrial organic matter and phytoplankton become suspended organic matter, this
becomes detrital organic matter (on the bottom) and is consumed by benthic consumers
or resuspended in water
Peter Artedi correct answers Father of Ichthyology
-1705-1735
-swedish naturalist, he developed standard methods for making counts and
measurements
-drowned in Amsterdam at age 30:(
Carl Linnaeus correct answers Father of modern taxonomy
1701-1778
- developed binomial nomenclature; genus, species
- same university as Artedi, friends, but there is a conspiracy that he had to do w/
Artedi's death since he published Artedi's work after his death and became famous
David Starr Jordan correct answers Father of North American Ichthyology
1851-1931
-published many (650) influential writings on fish and advised other famous
ichthyologists
-first president of Stanford University
- not really a nice guy: involved in murder of Jane Stanford and believed in eugenics
Eugenie Clark correct answers Shark Lady
American ichthyologist
-published many (175+) scientific articles and two books
-promoted marine conservation
Ruth Hoppin correct answers -discovered the Ozark cavefish in 1888 in a Sarcoxie cave
in Missouri
- she was a school teacher
Pre-1985 correct answers -many states did not have "fishes of..." books
databases of fish distributions and sample locations were rare
-use of genetic tools were just beginning- rare because didn't understand the
applications/connections
-many core theories developed and tested
