LAT Final Exam with Complete Solutions 2023

What infectious agent is the cause of "snuffles" in rabbits? a) Mycoplasma pulmonis b) Sendai virus c) Bordetella bronchiseptica d) Pasteurella multocida - ANSWER-D Which of the following is not one of the major clinical signs of inflammation? a) Heat b) Analgesia c) Redness d) Pain - ANSWER-B The destruction of all organisms on an object is referred to as: a) Sterilization b) Disinfection c) Pasteurization d) Sanitization - ANSWER-A Which of the following is not a type of animal facility design? a) Conventional b) Barrier c) VAF/SPF d) Clean/Dirty - ANSWER-C Which regulatory agency performs annual unannounced site inspections and enforces the Animal Welfare Act? a) AAALAC, Int. b) FDA c) PHS d) USDA - ANSWER-D ___________ pathology is the study of the structure of diseased tissues. a) Topical b) Clinical c) Microscopic d) Anatomical - ANSWER-D Which types of animals are reared in open (non-filtered) cages and have an unknown microbial status? a) SPF b) Germfree c) Gnotobiotic d) Conventional - ANSWER-D Which of the following warm-blooded vertebrates is not regulated by the Animal Welfare Act? a) Horses used for antibody production b) Sheep used in open heart surgery research c) Pigeons used for behavioral testing d) Wild rats used for viral infection - ANSWER-C ___________ is the science of poisons and the harmful or noxious effects these substances have on living organisms. a) Histology b) Botany c) Pathology d) Toxicology - ANSWER-D If an animal dies spontaneously, changes in the tissues begin to occur as the body decomposes. This process is called autolysis. What is the best way to preserve tissues for a diagnostic necropsy? a) Place the dead animal in a freezer b) Place the animal in an autoclave c) Place the animal in a refrigerator d) Leave the animal in the exact location where it died - ANSWER-C What is the term used to describe the study of birth defects? a) Teratology b) Gynecology c) Obstetrics d) Mutitology - ANSWER-A The written document that an investigator must complete, and submit to their Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, if they plan to use animals in research is called the ___________________. a) Animal use protocol b) Animal use grant c) Research use protocol d) Research use grant - ANSWER-A How long can bacteria survive when kept in the transport media of a sterile swab? a) 24 hrs. b) 48 hrs. c) 72 hrs. d) 96 hrs. - ANSWER-A The word, "hypothyroidism", has the prefix _____, the suffix ________, and the root __________. a) ism; hypo; thyroid b) hypo; ism; thyroid c) thyroid; hypo; ism d) hypo; thyroid; ism - ANSWER-B A beagle is euthanized in May 1999. How long must the animal facility retain the USDA identification tags (if used) on the animal for possible review by the USDA? a) 6 months b) 12 months c) 24 months d) 36 months - ANSWER-B The process which reduces the number of pathogenic organisms on an object to a harmless level is known as: a) Disinfection b) Sanitization c) Sterilization d) Pasteurization - ANSWER-A Special glass tubes are used to collect blood samples, these tubes have different colored rubber stoppers to indicate which anticoagulant, if any, is in the tube. Which of the following colors is used to indicate EDTA is in the glass tube? a) Blue b) Red c) Purple d) Green - ANSWER-C Blood chemistry tests are performed on blood, plasma, or serum to help diagnose abnormal conditions or illness in animals and humans. Which of the following tests can be used to determine abnormal liver function? a) ALT & AST b) BUN & Creatinine c) CPK & Na d) Amylase & Lipase - ANSWER-A What is the name of the committee made up of scientists and nonscientists that reviews animal use protocols, inspects the animal facility, and monitors experimental procedures in which animals are used? a) OPRR b) OSHA c) ACUP d) IACUC - ANSWER-D What is the name of the voluntary accreditation organization that inspects and accredits animal care programs? a) USDA b) FDA c) AAALAC, Int. d) PHS - ANSWER-C What term is used to describe the breakdown or splitting open of a surgical incision? a) Herniation b) Prolapse c) Evisceration d) Dehiscence - ANSWER-D Neonatal (newborn) animals require _________ exposure to carbon dioxide to cause death compared to adult animals. a) No b) Longer c) Shorter d) Same - ANSWER-B Which of the following is the correct formula for the conversion of Fahrenheit degrees to Celsius degrees? a) F=5/9 (C-32) b) C=5/9 (F-32) c) F=9/5 (C-32) d) C=9/5 (F-32) - ANSWER-B If the cagewash temperature is 210 F. What is this temperature on the Celsius scale? a) 25 C b) 54 C c) 82 C d) 99 C - ANSWER-D _____________ is the process by which the number of bacteria and other organisms living on inanimate objects is reduced enough to prevent disease. a) Disinfection b) Sanitization c) Sterilization d) Pasteurization - ANSWER-B Which of the following are considered types of acute toxicity tests? a) FETAX & Lymphocytes assay b) LD50 & Draize test c) LAL assay & LD50 d) In vitro micronucleus & Guinea pig dermal test - ANSWER-B An animal room, which uses special cages and procedures such as autoclaved food, bedding, and caging, is considered what type of animal room? a) Conventional b) Gnotobiotic c) Barrier d) Specific pathogen-free (SPF) - ANSWER-C A _______________ toxicity test varies from 13-26 weeks in duration and usually involves rodents or dogs. The animals are dosed on a daily basis in a similar manner that may be administered to humans. a) Subacute b) Subchronic c) Acute d) Chronic - ANSWER-B What does the acronymn PCR stand for? a) Polymerase chain reaction b) Polychromatic reticulocytes c) Packed clotted red blood cells d) Polyallelic canine retinopathy - ANSWER-A The anatomical term "dorsal" means "towards the __________________." a) Abdomen b) Back c) Head d) Rear - ANSWER-B What color is air in the lungs of a normal animal on a radiograph (x-ray)? a) White b) Gray c) Black d) Blue - ANSWER-C What does the term specific pathogen-free indicate? a) Animals do not have any diseases b) Animals are born without any bacteria or viruses c) Animals do not have certain diseases which normally infects the species d) Animals do not have any pathogens of any kind - ANSWER-C A barrier animal facility has special provisions for traffic flow. What direction should airflow be inside the room to prevent transmission of airborne viruses and bacteria? a) Positive pressure b) Negative pressure c) Balanced pressure between room and hallway d) Either positive or negative because there are no airborne diseases - ANSWER-A Which organization represents the interests of the public and the scientific community in the area of legislation and regulations on the use of laboratory animals? a) IACUC b) PETA c) AMP d) NABR - ANSWER-D The function of capillaries are to _____________________. a) Filter the blood b) Recover lost blood c) Deliver oxygen to the blood d) Deliver oxygen to the tissues - ANSWER-D The function of veins are to _______________________. a) Bring blood back to the heart b) Carry blood from the heart c) Pump blood to the tissues d) Filter the blood - ANSWER-A Which of the following is not a section of the ruminant stomach? a) Rumen b) Reticulomasum c) Abomasum d) Reticulum - ANSWER-B Identify the 4 members that should make up an IACUC committee? a) Veterinarian, Scientist with lab animal use experience, nonscientist, and a lawyer b) Veterinarian with lab animal experience, Scientist with lab animal use experience, nonscientist, and an outside member not affiliated with the institution c) Veterinarian with lab animal experience, Scientist with lab animal use experience, nonscientist, and a clergyman d) Veterinarian, Scientist with animal use experience, nonscientist, and an outside member not affiliated with the institution - ANSWER-B What is the specific name given to a room or an area which house animals that may be sick or suspected of carrying infectious diseases? a) Isolation b) Quarantine c) Conditioning d) Intensive Care Unit - ANSWER-A Which of the following are the most common local anesthetics given by injection? a) Xylocaine & Marcaine b) Proparacaine & Lidocaine c) Bupivicaine & Candicaine d) Isoflurane & Halothane - ANSWER-A What document is used by AAALAC, Int. as the "gold standard" to evaluate and accredit laboratory animal care and use programs? a) Good Laboratory Practices b) Public Health Service Policy c) Animal Welfare Act d) The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals - ANSWER-D How long does NIH require assurance records (grants, research protocols, etc.) to be retained after the completion of a research project? a) 1 year b) 2 years c) 3 years d) 4 years - ANSWER-C ________________ Rates are the expenses directly charged to a PI to care for one animal for one day in a research facility? a) Average daily census b) Per diem c) Cost centers d) Centralized management - ANSWER-B How often is the IACUC required to review an institutions animal care program and inspect the animal facilities? a) Every 3 months b) Every 6 months c) Every 12 months d) Every 24 months - ANSWER-B Chronic toxicology testing is conducted in mice and rats. This type of toxicology testing is used to assess toxicity and ________ of drug candidates. a) Oncogenicity b) Hematology c) Pharmacology d) Pathogenicity - ANSWER-A