N2-Final-Exam-Study-Guide Already Graded A+

Nursing 2 Final Exam 1. Upper GI Tract Dysphagia – Difficulty swallowing. Major concern for older adult & victims of stroke. Has trouble swallowing liquids or solids, coughs after eating or drink in g, speech difficulty (dysphonia)  Barium Swallow – Swallows radioactive dye that shows areas of dysfunction.  Endoscopic Evaluation TX = Thickened liquids/foods. Elevate HOB 30-45 degrees. 2. Lower GI Tract Obstruction – Poop can’t go forward . ABG: HCO3 up, pH up = metabolic alkalosis  Small Bowel S/S = Abdominal pain, distention, N/V, constipation, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic alkalosis  LARGE Bowel S/S = Lower abdominal cramping, constipation, ribbon like stools. What is contraindicated?! BARIUM ENEMA TX= Possible Surgery, NG Tube Suction, NPO, IV Therapy (fluids), Pain Control IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome) – Chronic diarrhea and/or constipation ABG: HCO3 low, pH low – metabolic acidosis  S/S = excess farting (flatulence), distention, cramps, pain, diarrhea/constipation, LLQ pain.  Treatment = AVOID triggers or fruit, berries, lettuce, lactose, caffeine, & alcohol. Increase fiber, relax, less stress, and exercise  Meds = Constipation (Metamucil, Fibercon), Diarrhea (Imodium, Lomotil) TX = Educate on avoiding triggers & fibrous foods