INTST 101 Introduction to International Studies Intst 101 Study Notes. - University of Waterloo.

INTST 101 Introduction to International Studies Intst 101 Study Notes. - University of Waterloo. needed!: - resort, safari and village - Amazon and the tar sands (added Belo Monte article but more about topic needed!) - improved logistics - add some questions and answers - reading points Intst what is it and why look at it through mobility? 3 features 1. Unequal ability to control what crosses borders 2. Uneven distribution of wealth – poles for migration 3. Violence and displacement – created ‘fear’ of dispossessed on the move. Don’t look at mobility as the relation between states, instead focus on tracing the histories of movement and their contemporary as a way to understand international conditions and structure. ● European colonialism fundamentally reshaped the whole world through three primary characteristics that distinguish it from prior forms of colonization or empire building. ● 1. The scale ● 2. Scientific Racism ● 3. Development of capitalism as an economic system based on accumulation and surplus Wealth tends to move toward centres of labour. Patterns stay the same but the centers change and people are continually moved around to these centers but maintain connections with their homes. These relationships are extremely important. Responses to violence are also forces that have effects on these centers and the movement of people, whether it be from wars or climate change or other. Airports & CheckpointsPost 9/11 security systems have put in place preclearance centers between Canada and USA - Smart border initiative was created in the 9/11 aftermath (Creation of CATSA and Canada Border Service Agency -- Canada and Department of Homeland Security -- US) - Barriers were created at borders but maintained permeability - Functions: Reduce Risks; upheld by economic and political policies - Risk management The cold war - Communism and democracy were the main reasons for war as a battle of ideals. Proxy wars such as the Vietnam war were stepping stones to the cold war - Resentment against superpowers were fuelled by the actions during the cold war era. Many of the problems today can be traced back to this time - The “iron curtain” was an inhibitor of movement between the eastern and western hemisphere - Conflicts were also about maintaining a sphere of commerce and business and outsourcing - By 1989 in response to protests, the Berlin wall was demolished - The ending of the divide between the east and west had an enormous impact - This ushered in a wave of capitalism due to the lack of alternative economic systems - Massive movements were underway due to escaping poverty and sometimes communism - This was seen as the end of conflict history where the last great conflict of ideas was over - This was not the case due to the resentment from the cold war and all that happened - Risk management was a new focus to independent actors implying threat after the cold war (still a large factor in airports and checkpoints) Post Cold War - A large expansion to the global economy - Previously communist countries had no infrastructure to the capitalist economy which made them sources for cheap labour and thus created new risks from individuals - The internal EU had rid borders but the borders for external actors were more aggressively increase and fortified. - Another agreement for trade between Canada, USA and Mexico had also been developed but these required greater security for illegal immigration. Ex by 2013 there were 21000 border guards at US/ MEXICO border - This increased mobility required the need for intelligent borders for pre authorisation systems such as Nexus including features like biometric passport