Sociology Clep 2023 Practice Test with Complete Solutions

The tendency for women or minorities to experience difficulty in climbing the corporate ladder to positions of greater responsibility is known as the: - ANSWER-Glass Ceiling The act of disengaging from a self-identifying role is called: - ANSWER-Role Exit Jon thinks that Indian food is stinky and smelly, and probably won't taste good. After he tries some however, he finds that it is actually quite tasty! What is this an example of? - ANSWER-Prejudice The gradual acceptance of a new way of doing things in society is known as: - ANSWER-Institutionalization Alex is the Chief of Police in a small town and he knows his son has been vandalizing stores. On one hand, Alex is responsible for bringing the vandal to justice. On the other, Alex wants to protect his son. Alex is experiencing which of the following? - ANSWER-Role Conflict Which sociologist developed the concept of the dependency ratio? - ANSWER-Thomas Malthus Which of the following countries has the greatest number of deaths per capita? - ANSWER-South Africa (followed closely by Russia and Ukraine) The "looking glass self," which describes the image we have of ourselves based on how we believe others to perceive us, was first suggested by: - ANSWER-Charles Cooley The Halo Effect is best summarized as: - ANSWER-A bias in which judgement of a person's character or quality of work is influenced by other unrelated things. The development of stem cell technology showed a number of significant benefits for medicine, but resulted in disagreement over the ethical nature of the treatments. Eventually however, stem cell research has become more accepted. This phenomenon is called: - ANSWER-Cultural Lag If a defendant in court does not wish to plead guilty or not guilty, he or she can also plead: - ANSWER-No Contest or nolo contendre The cultural concept of a 'salad bowl' is different from the 'melting pot' idea in that: - ANSWER-Cultures remain distinct and not fully integrated. James notices that the cool kids at school all wear berets. The next day, James goes to school wearing a beret. What kind of behavior is this? - ANSWER-Anticipatory Socialization In the social sciences, two predominant factors are argued to shape human behavior. They are: - ANSWER-Action and Agency The principle that church and state affairs should be separate is also known as: - ANSWER-Secularism John is conducting some research for a sociology project, and he is handing out a list of questions to a number of students on his campus. John is conducting: - ANSWER-Survey Research What is an inverted population? - ANSWER-A population in which the elderly outnumber the young. Many economists are worried because the dependency ratio in japan is growing higher and higher. The dependency ratio is: - ANSWER-The ratio of people not in the workforce to the people in the work force. In sociological terms, what is the second shift? - ANSWER-The time a woman spends at home after her normal job. In an experiment, the dependent variable will change depending on: - ANSWER-The independent variable Which of the following is not a Primary sector of the economy? - ANSWER-Cell phone manufacturing If you were to conduct a research project on the number of immigrants in a city, which of the following would be the most appropriate? - ANSWER-Survey Research According to Erving Goffman, which of the following statements best describes our social identity? - ANSWER-A resource which people are able to use or manipulate given the social situation. Recidivism is defined as: - ANSWER-The continual repetition of undesirable behavior despite having been punished for it. Suppose that Maria has worked at a company for 20 years, and done an excellent job. However, she has not been promoted past the level of middle management, whereas many of her other male coworkers have reached vice president or director positions. Maria is experiencing the: - ANSWER-Glass Ceiling In some neighborhoods, a general increase in affluence and change in real estate and businesses will push out the lower income classes. This is called: - ANSWER-Gentrification Amy and Manuel are married have two children. What is this an example of? - ANSWER-A nuclear family One of the reasons it is difficult for poor countries to exit poverty and become industrialized is called: - ANSWER-Dependency Theory Cultural Pluralism is best defined as: - ANSWER-The maintenance of a unique cultural identity by a smaller culture within a larger society. Roughly what percent of the United States is considered upper class? - ANSWER-2% An egalitarian view is best described as: - ANSWER-The idea that all people have equal opportunities and rights. The Hayeaters rather dislike the Bonebiters, but they are the only two tribes on the island. Thus, they have decided that they will share a stream in the middle of the island without fighting. This is called: - ANSWER-Accomodation Max consistently attempts to gain a better deal for himself and to maximize his own opportunities. Max's social value orientation would be considered as what? - ANSWER-Pro-self Which of the following is not a trait of a pre-modern society? - ANSWER-Democratic government Which of these countries is a peripheral nation? - ANSWER-Hungary Which of the following is an example of forced migration? - ANSWER-Jim leaves Ireland and moves to the United States because of a famine. C. Wright Mills was a prominent sociologist who authored which book? - ANSWER-The Power Elite What is social functionalism? - ANSWER-The view that social structure should be regarded as a whole. Ethnocentrism is most closely defined as: - ANSWER-The judgement of other cultures by a person's own cultural standards. Karl Marx coined the phrase "opiate of the masses". This opiate that he refers to is: - ANSWER-Religion Secularization refers to: - ANSWER-The shift of society from religious values to nonreligious values. What is a plea bargain? - ANSWER-An agreement in which a person admits guilt in return for concessions from the prosecutor. Which of the following is not one of the modes of adaptation to anomie as defined by Merton? - ANSWER-Teacher In the United States, the most commonly practiced form of marriage is: - ANSWER-Monogamy Exogamy is also known as: - ANSWER-Outbreeding In Karl Marx's theory on social stratification, how many social classes are there? - ANSWER-2 If something is a taboo, what does that mean? - ANSWER-A social more that is considered repugnant to violate. Which of the following is a member of your extended family? - ANSWER-Cousin In the Hindu caste system, people are given an ascribed status. What is the sociological term for the opposite ascribed status? - ANSWER-Achieved Status Which of the following sociologist coined the term dramaturgy? - ANSWER-Erving Goffman What is the manifest function of education? - ANSWER-To provide students with information that will help in their career. Who was the author of The Wealth of Nations, and was a significant influence to early sociology? - ANSWER-Adam Smith Tom is in a big crowd of protesters, and the crowd gets violent, smashing cars, and windows. Tom decides to participate, because he feels he cannot be identified and he is a member of a large group. This is called: - ANSWER-Contagion Theory Differential association theory explains that criminals learn criminal behavior through: - ANSWER-Interaction with others Ben is a nurse, and was recently promoted to head of the nurse department, although he requested that he not be promoted so he could spend more time with his family. Ben just got: - ANSWER-A ride on the glass escalator