nurs 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam questions with accurate and verified answers

CAD Risk Factors: Non-modifiable - ANSage genetic disposition family history ethnic background gender CAD risk factors - ANSAge >55 male fam hx personal hx peripheral vasc/Cerebrovascular disease smoking lipid abnorm DM HTN obesity sedentary cocaine estrogen use dyslipidemia - high LDL, low HDL, high triglycerides what happens when LDL becomes oxidized - ANSbecomes oxidized when exposed to endothelial cells and smooth muscle cell then exposed to macrophages becomes foam cell makes up atherosclerotic plaque what does HDL do - ANSreverse cholesterol transport returns excess cholesterol from the tissue to the liver where it binds to hepatic receptors and is processed or eliminated as bile or converted to cholesterol-containing steroids protects LDL from oxidation explain the relationship of lipoprotiens and diabetes as a risk factor for CAD - ANSlipoproteins can be altered by glycation as a result of high glucose levels which causes a greater integration into macrophages (engulf oxidized LDL) this then accumulates in the arterial wall causing platelet aggregation and smooth muscle proliferation android obesity - ANSexcess body fat that is placed predominantly within the abdomen and upper body, as opposed to the hips and thighs strongest link with CAD risk r/t insulin resistance, decreased HDL levels, increased blood pressure, and inflammation