Assignment #3-procedure cards

1. electrocardiogra- phy 2. Holter monitor test procedure that graphically records the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs Procedure that uses a small, portable system to record and store the electrical activity of the heart over a 24- to 48-hour period; also called event monitor test 3. stress test ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions 4. cardiac biomark- ers blood test that measures the presence and amount of sev- eral substances released by the heart when it is damaged or under stress; also called cardiac enzyme test 5. lipid panel series of blood tests (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart disease 6. angiography procedure that records a radiographic image of the inside of a blood vessel (angiogram) after injection of a contrast medium 7. aortography angiography of the aorta and its branches after injection of a contrast medium 8. coronary angiog- raphy specialized type of angiography that helps diagnose stenosis or obstruction of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle 9. doppler US Ultrasonography used to assess the direction and speed of blood flow through blood vessels by reflecting sound waves off red blood cells; also called ultrasonography using sound pitch 10. carotid artery US ultrasound procedure that determines blood flow problems caused by blood clots, plaque, or tears on the walls of the carotid arteries 11. echocardiogra- phy 12. myocardial per- fusion imaging (MPI) 13. single photon emission com- puted tomogra- phy (SPECT) 14. cardiac magnetic resonance imag- ing (MRI) 15. magnetic reso- nance angiogra- phy (MRA) 16. multiple-gated acquisition (MUGA) scan 17. cardiac catheteri- zation (CC) 18. electrophysiolo- gy study (EPS) ultrasound test that produces moving images of blood passing through the heart, valves, and chambers, and assesses cardiac output Noninvasive imaging test using a radioactive tracer in conjunction with a stress test to show how well blood flows through (perfuses) the heart muscle at rest and during exercise; also called nuclear stress test Myocardial perfusion test that involves injection of a ra- dioactive tracer into the blood while a gamma camera moves in a circle around the patient to create individual images as "slices" of the heart (tomography) specialized MRI procedure that provides images of the heart chambers, valves, major vessels, and pericardium type of MRI that provides highly detailed images of blood vessels nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to detect how well the heart walls move as they contract and cal- culates the ejection fraction rate (amount of blood the ventricle can pump out in one contraction) passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart special catheterization test that involves insertion of elec- trode catheters into the heart to study and map the con- duction system and safely reproduce the abnormal heart rhythm affecting the patient's heart 19. angioplasty endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels to restore forward blood flow 20. percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the coronary arteries that involves insertion of a balloon catheter through the right femoral artery to the coronary angioplasty (PTCA) site of the stenosis to enlarge the lumen of the artery and restore blood flow 21. cardiac ablation procedure in which a catheter is inserted through a vein in the groin and threaded to the heart to correct structural problems in the heart that cause an arrhythmia 22. coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) 23. implantable car- dioverter defibril- lator (ICD) 24. open heart surgery 25. pacemaker inser- tion placement of a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle Small, battery-powered device inserted within the chest of a patient who is at high risk for developing an arrhyth- mia, such as ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrilla- tion, or cardiac arrest; also called automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) surgical procedure in which the sternum is cut in half ver- tically to open the chest and expose the heart, its valves, or the arteries implantation of a battery-powered device inside the chest to control the heart rate and rhythm 26. defibrillation lifesaving emergency treatment to restart the heart in car- diorespiratory arrest by delivering high-voltage electrical current through the heart 27. cardioversion defibrillation technique using low-energy shocks to reset the heart's rhythm back to its normal pattern