Psychology Notes Lectures 1/6

Introduction to Psychology and its Methods -
The study of memory:
- Perception
- The organization of current stimuli
- Memory
- Then organization of stimuli from the past (ideas and events)
- Memory operates over time in three phases (computer analogy)
- Encoding
- Three memory systems, stage theory of memory.
- Sensory input —> Sensory register (forgetting)
- Short term memory (rehearsal) (forgetting)
- Long term memory
- Sensory memory feeds our active working memory, recording momentary images, sounds
and strong scents, but sensory memory, like a lightning ash, is eeting
- Iconic memory: A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli: a photographic or
picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
- Echoic memory: A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is
elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds.
- STM —> limited capacity. Memory span task with the magic number 7. We can keep up to
7 items in our memory of a list. Di ers, it can be 5 or 9 depending on the person. Items
often disappear after 7, as a result of decay and replacement.
- By recoding / chunking we can expand out memory capacity.
- LTM —> Unlimited capacity.
- With rehearsal we can expand STM to LTM
- Getting information in:
- E ortful processing
- Automatic processing (unconscious)
- Storage and consolidation
- After encoding, we now have memory tracing.
- Consolidation happens in the hippocampus
- Retrieval
- Recall
- Recognition




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