Capstone Exam; GRADED A+

Why study research methods? correct answers Help in reading and interpreting the results presented in scientific journal article, something that has been peer reviewed and have used the scientific process. Help to distinguish factual information from factual information from personal opinions that may not be grounded in facts. For example, industry based produce claims. Develop your own research and critical reading skills. 3 strategies are often used by industry in an attempt to convince the consumer to purchase a certain product: correct answers 1. Parity claims: careful wording of an ad that gives the impression that one product is superior to another, when the wording actually means that the 2 products are equal. For example, nothing is more effective than... Gatorade for rehydration. 2. Testimonials: statement from one person that is often paid in order to support a product. Thus, there is little accuracy of this information. 3. Misleading statistics: "percent of a percent". Why conduct research? correct answers The main goal of research is to find the truth, and to answer research questions. 5 Steps of the Research Process correct answers 1. Define the research question with null and alternative hypotheses. 2. Design a rigorous experiment that will test the null hypothesis. 3. Perform the experiment and collect the data. 4. Analyze the data (with statistics tests) and interpret the results. 5. Develop hypotheses to explain the results and propose future studies that will test these hypotheses. With science, we cannot "prove" anything definitively with one experiment. Rather, science seeks to ___________. correct answers disprove with a series of experiments. Theories A theory is very important for developing research hypotheses. A theory is a statement that is used to _______________. correct answers help describe, predict, and explain events and behaviors. What defines the quality of a theory? correct answers 1. Precision = how accurately it describes or predicts. 2. Simplicity = how many conditions must be met before an accurate prediction can be made. 3. Testability = can empirical methods be used to evaluate the theory. Different Types of Research correct answers 1. Research to describe = epidemiological. • Describing a group of individuals. 2. Research to predict = health risk. • Cardiovascular diseases, cancers, or sport performance. 3. Research to control = interventions. • Exercise or diet.