CLEP test prep 2023 with Complete Solutions

The equal protection clause extends the concept of 'all men are created equal' in that: - ANSWER-All laws apply to all men, including state and federal laws Separation of powers was a government philosophy developed by who? - ANSWER-Montesquieu Foreign policy and foreign relations are the responsibility of which cabinet member? - ANSWER-Secretary of State If no Presidential candidate receives the 270 electoral votes required to win the President, who chooses the President? - ANSWER-The House of Representatives Which of the following is not a duty of the Food and Drug Administration? - ANSWER-Distribution of produce and meat Between the late 1800s and early 1900s, a set of laws emphasized 'separate but equal' status for African Americans. These laws were also known as the - ANSWER-Jim Crow Laws Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution prevented American Presidents from serving more than two terms? - ANSWER-22nd Of the following, which statements is not true regarding the duties of the President? - ANSWER-Ruling on unconstitutional laws The theory that judges should only interpret laws that others have passed, such as the Congress, and that they should remain officially ignorant and base their decision solely upon the information others bring to them is called? - ANSWER-Judicial Conservatism Each standing committee in Congress has a chairperson, who leads the committee. They are selected by: - ANSWER-The political party leaders The party candidates for the presidency are selected at the: - ANSWER-National Convention How many terms can a senator serve? - ANSWER-They have no term limits If a power is not explicitly granted to the federal or state government, who does it belong to? - ANSWER-The states or the people In the formation of the House committees, the Speaker of the House can: - ANSWER-Choose members in the committee selection process Which of the following can be used in the Senate to end debate quickly? - ANSWER-A motion for cloture which needs 3/5 majority (or 60 votes) in the Senate To become a member of a House of Representatives Standing Committee a representative must be: - ANSWER-Selected and approved by the House of Representatives The adoption of a new law in an electorate requires the passing of which of the following? - ANSWER-An initiative Which best describes an independent regulatory agency? - ANSWER-An agency independent from the government which regulates public company activity Which of the following is true about the number of people employed by the federal government? - ANSWER-It increases during wartime A person who is able to cast a vote for who will be their party's Presidential nominee at a National Convention is called a: - ANSWER-delegate If a standing committee is composed of 4 Democrats and 5 Republicans, how is the committee chair chosen? - ANSWER-The majority party decides Benjamin Franklin once said that 'In free governments, the rulers are the servants, and the people are their superiors and sovereigns." This idea represents: - ANSWER-Popular sovereignty When a person believes that they have incurred loss as a result of another person's actions, they may seek to reclaim the loss through: - ANSWER-Litigation A judge found that burning the American flag was not against the law, as a result of which Supreme Court Decision? - ANSWER-Texas v. Johnson A person who uses money, power or influence in an attempt to change legislature or government policy is a: - ANSWER-Lobbyist Which of the following statements best describes the Republican view on affirmative action? - ANSWER-It is unfair, because it is inherently a quota system which does not reward merit What is a President Pro Tempore? - ANSWER-A temporary position which replaces the Vice President's position in the Senate Which federal department manages natural resources and national parks? - ANSWER-Department of the Interior Under the 16th Amendment, which of the following was improved? - ANSWER-Income tax Stare decisis, which is the principle of upholding presidents established by other judges, is usually upheld by judges who exercise: - ANSWER-Judicial restraint Before any money for discretionary spending in the US budget can be used, it must be approved by the: - ANSWER-Appropriations Committee Which of the following best describes the duty of the Department of Defense? - ANSWER-Supervision of armed forces and coordination of national security A Republican Presidential candidate is chosen through: - ANSWER-Winning delegates in primaries and caucuses in individual states If a document produced by the US government requires authentication, it must be: - ANSWER-Given to the Secretary of State, who authenticates it with the Great Seal of the United States The Declaration of Independence was signed by 56 delegates, which was known as: - ANSWER-The Continental Congress The concept of judicial review was first seen: - ANSWER-between 1770 and 1790 The government entity which is responsible for management of treasury interest rates is the: - ANSWER-Federal Reserve