The American Yawp Chapter 1 with 100 correct answers

Hernan Cortes () Spanish Conquistador who defeated the Aztec Empire and claimed Mexico for Spain Franciso Pizzaro Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima () 00:02 01:23 The Maya Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar. The Aztecs Also known as Mexica, they created a powerful empire in central Mexico ( C.E.). They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as a tax. The Incas A Native American people who built a notable civilization in western South America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The center of their empire was in present-day Peru. Francisco Pizarro of Spain conquered the empire. Encomienda System It gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work. In exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect the Native American people and convert them to Christianity Columbian Exchange The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. What role did the Scandinavians play in the exploration of North America? Scandinavian seafarers reached the New World long before Columbus. At their peak they sailed as Far East as Constantinople & raided settlements as far south as North Africa. They established limited colonies in Iceland & Greenland & around the year 1000, Leif Erikson reached Newfoundland in present day Canada. But the Norse colony failed. Culturally and geographically isolated, the Norse were driven back to the sea by some combo of limited resources, inhospitable weather, food shortages and native resistance. In order to acquire labor for sugar plantations the Portuguese turned to this source of labor Island natives known as the Guanches were enslaved or perished soon after Europeans arrived. Portugal's would be planters needed laborers to cultivate the difficult labor intensive crop. Portuguese merchants who had recently established good relationships with powerful African kingdoms such as Kongo, Ndongo, and Songhai looked then tot African slaves. Slavery had long existed among African societies. African leaders traded war captives- who by custom forfeited their freedom in battle for Portuguese guns, iron, and manufactured goods. From bases along the Atlantic coast the largest in modern day Nigeria, the Portuguese began purchasing slaves for export to the Atlantic islands to work the sugar fields One of the reasons that Columbus decided to sail west was that he underestimated the size of the Earth -Educated asians & europeans of the 15th century knew the world was round -Columbus underestimated the size of the globe by a full two-thirds and believed it was possible Many of the native tribes were plagued by these spreads by the Europeans -Native Americans were unprepared for the arrival of the Europeans. Biology magnified European curelieis. Cut off from the Old World, its domesticated animals & immunological history, Native Americans lived free from the temple diseases that ravaged populations in Asia, Europe & Africa -Native Americans lacked the immunities the tEuropeans & Africans had developed over centuries of deadly epidemics & so when Europeans arrived carrying small pox, typhus, influenza, diphtheria, measles & hepatitis, plagues, decimated Native communities