Unit 5 Patho MN551, Unit 4 Patho, Unit3Patho, Unit2 MN551 patho, Unit 1 MN 551 Patho

Which of the following individuals would be considered to be at risk for the development of edema? correct answer: An 81-year-old man with right-sided heart failure and hypothyroidism The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung cancer is distraught at his visible body wasting that has worsened in recent weeks. Which of the following phenomena best accounts for the patient's anorexia and cachexia? correct answer: Products of the tumor itself as well as a hypermetabolic state cause cachexia Which of the following statements best conveys an aspect of the respiratory pressures that govern ventilation? Question options: correct answer: Negative intrapleural pressure holds the lungs against the chest wall Increased thrombopoietin levels correct answer: Following a course of measles, a 5-year-old girl developed scattered bruising over numerous body surfaces and was diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). As part of her diagnostic workup, blood work was performed. Which of the following results is most likely to be considered unexpected by the health care team? Which of the following situations related to the transition from fetal to perinatal circulation would be most likely to necessitate medical intervention? correct answer: Pulmonary vascular resistance, related to muscle regression in the pulmonary arteries, rises over the course of the infant's first week. At which of the following locations in the nephron would a nurse practitioner first expect blood to be largely free of plasma proteins? correct answer: Bowman Space A 51-year-old female patient who is 2 days postoperative on a surgical unit of a hospital is at risk for developing atelectasis as a result of being largely immobile. Which of the following teaching points by her nurse practitioner is most appropriate? Question options: correct answer: "You should breathe deeply and cough to help your lungs expand as much as possible while you're in bed." A 66-year-old patient's echocardiogram reveals a hypertrophied left ventricle, normal chamber volume, and a normal ejection fraction from the heart. What is this patient's most likely diagnosis? correct answer: Aortic valve stenosis "Stem cells can be used as a source of reserve cells for the entire blood production system." correct answer: A couple who are expecting their first child have been advised by friends to consider harvesting umbilical cord blood in order to have a future source of stem cells. The couple have approached their nurse practitioner with this request and are seeking clarification of exactly why stem cells are valuable and what they might expect to gain from harvesting them. How can the nurse practitioner best respond to the couple's inquiry? A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of two different genes, neither of which could have produced the trait independently. Which of the following explanations best captures the genetic explanation for this? correct answer: The outcome is the result of the interaction between collaborative genes. A 55-year-old man has made an appointment to see his nurse practitioner because he has been awakening three to four times nightly to void and often has a sudden need to void with little warning during the day. What is the man's most likely diagnosis and possible underlying pathophysiologic problem? correct answer: Overactive bladder that may result from both neurogenic and myogenic sources As a result of dehydration, a patient's epithelial cells are producing insufficient amounts of mucus. Consequently, the patient's mucociliary blanket is compromised. Which of the following changes would a care provider most reasonably anticipate as a direct result of this change? correct answer: Increased amounts of bacteria in the lungs. The primary role of the mucociliary blanket is to trap foreign particles and bacteria and thus prevent their entry into the lungs. The impaired ciliary function may result in an inadequate mucociliary blanket, but the opposite relationship is unlikely. Decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide levels may eventually result, but not as a direct or immediate consequence. An 81-year-old female patient of a long-term care facility has a history of congestive heart failure. The nurse practitioner caring for the patient has positioned her sitting up at an angle in bed and is observing her jugular venous distention. Why is jugular venous distention a useful indicator for the assessment of the patient's condition? correct answer: Blood backs up into the jugular vein because there are no valves at the point of entry into the heart. Bacterial correct answer: Sputum samples from a patient with pneumonia contain an infective agent that has a peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses endotoxins, replicates readily in broth and on agar, grows in clusters, has pili, and does not stain when exposed to crystal violet. This pneumonia is most likely: A 45-year-old patient who experienced exposure to radiation during an industrial accident several years prior is being assessed. Which of the following phenomena may underlie the genetic changes that have been noted in the patient? correct answer: Base pairs may have been rearranged by the radiation exposure. Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly correct answer: A child has been diagnosed with thalassemia. Which of the following other health problems is the child at risk for? Which of the following pregnant women has most likely en