EMT Final Practice Exam (set 200) with Complete Solutions

Consent to treat is implied in which of the following cases? a. 88 year old female with a DNR order b. 18 year old female bleeding profusely c. 44 year old school bus driver with chest pain d. 21 year old unconscious male - 21 year old unconscious male _______________ is a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by a complete disorganization of electrical activity. a. Atrial fibrillation b. Pulseless electrical activity c. Ventricular tachycardia d. Ventricular fibrillation - Ventricular fibrillation An unresponsive ten year old male was hit by a car and is bleeding heavily from an open leg fracture. After securing his airway and manually stabilizing his cervical spine, you should a. immobilize the extremity using a ladder splint. b. control bleeding from the leg wound. c. place the patient in Trendelenburg position. d. perform a rapid trauma assessment. - d. perform a rapid trauma assessment. A 67 year old female is short of breath and sitting in a tripod position. She is on home oxygen and has had a productive cough over the last few days. During your exam, you note that she is wheezing and breathing with pursed lips. SpO2 is 93%. What should you suspect? a. Pulmonary embolism b. Acute myocardial infarction c. Obstructive pulmonary disease d. Anaphylactic reaction - Obstructive pulmonary disease You are called to an elderly patient who had a syncopal episode. The patient has had blood-tinged vomiting and general fatigue for the last few days. You suspect a. a cerebral vascular accident. b. a gastrointestinal bleed. c. an abdominal aneurysm. d. congestive heart failure. - a gastrointestinal bleed. Your patient is pale, diaphoretic, and complains of chest pressure. Her vitals are R 18, P 58, and BP 88/50. You should suspect a. cardiogenic shock. b. a thoracic aneurysm. c. unstable angina. d. a pulmonary embolism. - cardiogenic shock. You are ventilating an apneic infant. His pulse is 54. You are currently ventilating with a bag-valve-mask with supplemental oxygen. You should a. obtain a complete set of vital signs. b. insert a pediatric combitube. c. continue ventilations and transport. d. begin chest compressions. - begin chest compressions. When ventilating with a mouth-to-mask you notice the presence of increasing gastric distention. You should a. decompress the stomach manually. b. immediately suction the oropharynx. c. manually reposition the airway. d. increase the depth of ventilations. - manually reposition the airway. When infants or children experience breathing difficulties, their pulse may a. increase significantly, then return to normal. b. decrease early, then increase significantly. c. decrease significantly, then return to normal. d. increase early, then decrease significantly. - increase early, then decrease significantly. A 10 year old male complains of a stiff neck and a fever. He is very confused and complains of extreme fatigue and headache. You should suspect a. diabetic reaction. b. epilepsy. c. febrile seizure. d. meningitis. - meningitis. A conscious 7 year old patient has chemical burns around her mouth from ingesting drain cleaner. Her breathing is adequate. You should a. administer activated charcoal. b. evaluate patient's airway. c. contact medical control. d. flush burns with water. - evaluate patient's airway. A 30 year-old female is experiencing vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. She is drowsy. Her skin is pale, cool, and clammy. Her vital signs are BP 90/60, P 120 and R. 20. You estimate that she may have lost 500 cc of blood. Which of the following should concern you the MOST? a. Cardiogenic shock due to lack of perfusion. b. Septic shock due to a serious infection. c. Neurogenic shock due to blood vessel dilation d. Hypovolemic shock due to blood loss. - Hypovolemic shock due to blood loss. Which following best describes a bipolar patient? a. They often have hallucinations. b. They do not have a history of manic-depressive disorder. c. They do not generally function normally in society. d. They appear psychotic during manic phases. - They appear psychotic during manic phases. What should you initially do to open the airway of a eight month old? a. Place the head in an extended position. b. Place the head in a neutral position. c. Turn the patient onto their left side. d. Pad under the head of the child. - Pad under the head of the child. Your patient has a gunshot wound to the anterior thigh. You should a. apply direct pressure and treat for shock. b. take spinal precautions and search for an exit wound. c. expose the wound, control bleeding, and transport rapidly. d. expose the wound, clean the area, and apply a sterile dressing. - expose the wound, control bleeding, and transport rapidly. How should you ventilate an apneic adult patient? a. Ventilate with a flow restricted positive pressure ventilator at 12-20 breaths per minute b. Ventilate once every 3 seconds with a bag valve mask c. Perform mouth to mask ventilation 12 breath per minute d. Ventilate once every 5-6 seconds with a bag valve mask - Ventilate once every 5-6 seconds with a bag valve mask Your patient has a fork impaled into his cheek. He is having trouble breathing. You should a. carefully remove the fork from the cheek. b. stabilize the fork with bulky dressings. c. insert a nasal airway and apply oxygen. d. have the patient pull the fork out of the cheek. - carefully remove the fork from the cheek. You are ventilating an apneic asthmatic patient with a BVM, but notice there is inadequate chest rise. What should you do? a. Increase the rate of the ventilations. b. Switch to an oxygen powered ventilation device. c. Increase the ventilation pressure. d. Reassess the airway for an obstruction. - Reassess the airway for an obstruction. You have an unconscious patient with blood in the airway. You should a. place the patient in the recovery position. b. use a suction unit to immediately clear the airway. c. perform a finger sweep to remove the blockage. d. use artificial ventilations in an attempt to clear the airway. - You are conducting a physical exam on a responsive female toddler. You should a. use a toes-to-head approach for the examination. b. examine the girl upright as her parents hold her. c. place the girl on her back as her parents help hold her. d. use a head-to-toe approach for the examination. - use a toes-to-head approach for the examination. Immediately upon returning to the station from a scene where a child died, the crew members discuss the call. This is an example of a. an informal debriefing. b. a defusing. c. a support meeting. d. a critical incident stress debriefing. - Your 36 year old patient is unresponsive. Upon attempting to insert an oral airway, the patient gags. You should Select one: a. insert a nasal airway b. reattempt using a smaller oral adjunct c. insert a dual lumen airway d. suction the oropharynx - a. insert a nasal airway You are treating an unconscious 50 year old diabetic patient. You should Select one: a. insert a dual lumen airway adjunct. b. immediately administer oral glucose. c. transport the patient as soon as possible. d. assist a family member in administering insulin. - c. transport the patient as soon as possible. A five year old female with asthma is having intercostal retractions. She cannot hold her head up to talk. You should Select one: a. administer oxygen via blow-by at 6 lpm. b. contact medical control before assisting patient with prescribed inhaler. c. administer oxygen via nonrebreather mask at 15 lpm. d. ventilate via bag-valve mask at 15 lpm. - b. contact medical control before assisting patient with prescribed inhaler. The use of a traction splint for femur fractures is important in order to Select one: a. decrease pain by preventing bone movement. b. prevent tissue swelling. c. facilitate easy transfer of patient to the hospital. d. reduce further nerve and blood vessel damage. - d. reduce further nerve and blood vessel damage. Your patient is a 65 year old male complaining of chest pain. Which of the following would be a contraindication for assisting with the administration of sublingual nitroglycerin? Select one: a. Systolic blood pressure 100 b. Heart rate 100 c. Systolic blood pressure 100 d. Heart rate 100 - c. Systolic blood pressure 100 Your 18 month-old patient has pale cool skin, decreased mental status, and delayed capillary refill. The mother tells you that the child's diaper has been dry for most of the day. First responders have applied oxygen. You should Select one: a. position the child on his side and transport. b. rapidly transport and monitor vital signs. c. ventilate with a bag valve mask and transport rapidly. d. transport rapidly and apply wet towels enroute. - b. rapidly transport and monitor vital signs. A victim of smoke inhalation has developed difficulty breathing. He does not like the smell of the mask you are using to deliver oxygen. You should Select one: a. explain that the mask is very important and continue its use. b. administer blow-by oxygen via simple mask. c. switch to a nasal cannula set to deliver oxygen at 6 L/min. d. restrain the patient and continue administering oxygen via non-rebreather mask. - a. explain that the mask is very important and continue its use. Your twelve-year-old patient has a penetrating wound to the abdomen. You may provide care based on Select one: a. mutual consent. b. informed consent. c. expressed consent. d. implied consent. - d. implied consent. A patient complains of left side chest discomfort. The vital signs are BP 108/68, P 104, R 24, SpO2 90%, and her hands are cyanotic. You should Select one: a. use flow restricted positive pressure ventilation. b. ventilate using the bag-valve-mask at 15 L/minute. c. administer oxygen by nasal cannula a 4L/minute. d. administer oxygen by nonrebreather at 15L/minute. - d. administer oxygen by nonrebreather at 15L/minute. Your patient's pulse returns after the use of the AED. You should first Select one: a. continue ventilations. b. reanalyze the rhythm. c. continue performing compressions if BP is too low. d. turn off the AED and remove the defibrillator pads. - a. continue ventilations. Your patient is a 56 year old male who collapses while mowing the lawn. He is apneic and pulseless immediately following collapse. What is the patient most likely experiencing? Select one: a. Angina pectoris b. Stroke c. Heart attack d. Cardiac arrest - d. Cardiac arrest your patient is short of breath, wheezing, and is cyanotic after eating shrimp. He has a known allergy to shellfish. What should you do? Select one: a. Obtain a SAMPLE history b. Ventilate with a BVM c. Administer his EpiPen d. Apply high-flow oxygen - c. Administer his EpiPen Which of the following is the most appropriate way to measure for an oropharyngeal airway adjunct? Select one: a. From the patient's earlobe to the angle of the jaw b. From the corner of the patient's mouth to the earlobe c. From the tip of the patient's nose to the earlobe d. From the center of the patient's mouth to the earlobe - d. From the center of the patient's mouth to the earlobe You are called to the scene of a motor vehicle crash, where you find a three year old female sitting in an unsecured car seat. She has abrasions to her forehead and right arm. She is alert to voice, her skin is pink and dry, and she appears to breathing normally. You should Select one: a. rapidly extricate the child and place her in a supine position. b. secure the child in the car seat using towels and tape to immobilize her head and chest. c. place a short back board behind the child and gently extricate her from the car seat. d. remove the child from the car seat and place her on a long spine. - c. place a short back board behind the child and gently extricate her from the car seat. A 16 year old football player received a blow to his left femur. You can see deformity and the patient is in extreme pain. He does not remember how the injury happened. You should Select one: a. apply a long spine board and rapidly transport. b. immediately stabilize the cervical spine. c. apply a traction splint to the injured leg. d. apply a board splint. - c. apply a traction splint to the injured leg. A 75 year old patient is complaining of shortness of breath. Vital signs are BP 160/88, P 130, and R 22 with crackles in the bases of the lungs. You should Select one: a. assist the patient with their prescribed inhaler. b. perform a detailed chest assessment. c. obtain a complete SAMPLE history. d. administer oxygen via mask. - d. administer oxygen via mask. A 72 year old with heart problems fell out of bed. He is confused and has pale and sweaty skin. You should Select one: a. check vital signs and apply an AED. b. take spinal precautions and rapidly transport. c. perform a detailed physical examination. d. interview the neighbors to get a detailed history. - b. take spinal precautions and rapidly transport. A 72 year old female patient is unresponsive following an ejection from a vehicle crash. She has an open jaw fracture and a dilated right pupil. What is the best way to open this patient's airway? Select one: a. Insert an oral airway b. Insert a nasal airway c. Perform a jaw thrust d. Perform a modified head-tilt chin-lift - b. Insert a nasal airway A good EMS quality improvement (QI) program includes Select one: a. response to media requests for patient data. b. annual review of ambulance fees. c. education and feedback regarding patient care. d. discipline for agency policy infractions. - c. education and feedback regarding patient care. A 62 year old female is complaining of crushing chest pain that radiates to between her shoulder blades. She is very pale, diaphoretic, and feels nauseous. You should suspect a/an Select one: a. hypoglycemic reaction. b. cerebrovascular event. c. asthma attack. d. cardiac event. - d. cardiac event. Which of the following is TRUE about the insertion of an oropharyngeal airway (OPA)? Select one: a. The OPA is measured between the patient's earlobe and nose. b. If properly inserted, the OPA will keep the tongue out of the airway. c. The OPA should be inserted until the flange rests below the patient's teeth. d. The OPA is always rotated 360 degrees as it is inserted. - b. If properly inserted, the OPA will keep the tongue out of the airway. You are called to an elementary school for a 10 year old who fell at the playground. When you arrive you find the school nurse and a teacher's aide performing CPR. What is the most appropriate action for you to take? Select one: a. Obtain a history from the school nurse. b. Place the patient on a long spine board with a c-collar. c. Ask the nurse to stop CPR while you check for breathing and a pulse. d. Perform a rapid head-to-toe trauma survey. - c. Ask the nurse to stop CPR while you check for breathing and a pulse. Allowing for appropriate time on exhalation when assisting ventilations can reduce/alleviate Select one: a. the amount of air required to ventilate. b. secretions when suctioning the patient's airway. c. gastric distention. d. airway obstructions. - c. gastric distention. A 62 year old female who has been drinking alcoholic beverages is feeling dizzy. She cannot walk and she complains of a severe headache. You should suspect Select one: a. hemorrhagic stroke. b. acute alcohol intoxication. c. delirium tremens. d. severe migraine. - b. acute alcohol intoxication. A patient becomes unresponsive. You find she is apneic and pulseless. You should Select one: a. start CPR and apply the AED. b. apply O2 via BVM and apply the AED. c. request advanced life support and begin CPR. d. apply the AED and analyze. - a. start CPR and apply the AED. You are transporting a 62-year-old patient complaining of chest pain. Vital signs are: BP 88/40, P 90, R 12. Online medical control orders you to assist the patient in taking his prescribed nitroglycerin. You should Select one: a. check the expiration date of the medication and administer the medication. b. assist the patient with administering his nitroglycerin. c. repeat the vital signs and confirm the order. d. wait until the patient's respirations improve, then follow the order. - c. repeat the vital signs and confirm the order. Your 25-year-old male patient has sustained a painful, deformed shoulder, injured while playing baseball. This has happened to him before and he wants to "pop it back in". You should Select one: a. assist the patient in realigning his shoulder. b. apply an ice pack and check vital signs. c. pull steady traction of the arm towards the patient's leg and splint in place. d. splint the shoulder as you find it. - a. assist the patient in realigning his shoulder. You are transporting a 68-year-old female from a nursing home to the hospital. She has a valid DNR. During transportation, she begins to have trouble breathing. You should Select one: a. ventilate the patient with a BVM. b. return the patient to the nursing home. c. provide oxygen and position the patient for comfort. d. provide supportive reassurance only. - c. provide oxygen and position the patient for comfort. A 19 year old sexual assault victim is bleeding from an external vaginal laceration. You should Select one: a. apply direct pressure to the wound and transport in the Fowler's position. b. have the patient apply a sterile, dry dressing to the wound. c. keep anything from touching the injury. d. pack the vagina with sterile dressing moistened with saline. - c. keep anything from touching the injury. A 45-year-old diabetic patient is experiencing left arm pain and is sweating profusely. You should Select one: a. administer sub-lingual nitroglycerine. b. administer oxygen via bag-valve-mask. c. administer oral glucose. d. administer oxygen via nasal cannula. - c. administer oral glucose. Which of the following is the best definition of hypoperfusion? Select one: a. less blood reaching capillary beds. b. blood vessel dilation causing distal pooling. c. inadequate oxygen delivery to cells. d. lowered heart rate and blood pressure. - c. inadequate oxygen delivery to cells. A 45 year old male farmer has been working with dry lime. The patient has large amounts of this powder on both legs. You should Select one: a. wash off the powder with water and transport. b. use vinegar to dilute and transport. c. use milk to dilute and cocoon the patient. d. gently brush off excess powder and transport. - d. gently brush off excess powder and transport. A 2 year old boy has a circumferential burn to his hand up to the wrist. The mother tells you a pot of boiling water spilled onto the boy. You should Select one: a. transport and inform the ER that you suspect abuse. b. talk to the boy separately and ask if he is being abused. c. reassure the mother and treat the burn with moist dressing. d. confront the boy's mother about possible abuse. - a. transport and inform the ER that you suspect abuse. All of the following are indications for the use of nitroglycerin EXCEPT Select one: a. the patient's physician has prescribed nitroglycerin. b. patient has a history of cardiac problems. c. patient complains of chest pain. d. the patient's systolic blood pressure is less than 90. - d. the patient's systolic blood pressure is less than 90. A diabetic patient was reported missing last evening. He is found unresponsive, lying in a ditch along the road in approximately two inches of water. Vital signs are BP 96/40. P 38, R 6. You should Select one: a. place heat packs on the patient's groin, neck and armpits. b. wrap the patient in blankets and transport. c. place the patient in Trendelenburg position. d. place glucose between the patient's cheek and gum. - b. wrap the patient in blankets and transport. An intoxicated 33 year old female was fighting with the police. You note some minor scrapes on the patient's leg and face. The patient is being verbally abusive to you. The police want your approval to take the patient to jail. You should Select one: a. request that the officers arrest the patient prior to transport. b. restrain and transport the patient with police escort. c. if vital signs are within normal limits, release the patient to the police. d. ask the officer to transport her to the hospital in a squad car for safety. - b. restrain and transport the patient with police escort. Five minutes after delivery of a newborn, your patient is moving all extremities, has pink skin, a weak cry, is grimacing and has a pulse of 96. The APGAR score is Select one: a. 4. b. 6. c. 10. d. 8. - d. 8. You respond to a scene where a mentally ill adult is threatening to kill himself. He is refusing transportation to a hospital. You should Select one: a. document the patient's refusal and have him sign your form. b. allow a family member to transport the patient, if they promise to follow through. c. ask law enforcement for assistance. d. restrain the patient. - c. ask law enforcement for assistance. Your patient is nine months pregnant with her first child. Her contractions are 10 minutes apart, lasting for 20 seconds. She tells you that she is "having this baby now". You should Select one: a. transport the patient in a supine position and monitor. b. prepare for an imminent on scene delivery. c. coach her to calm down and have her husband transport. d. transport the patient on her left side and monitor. - d. transport the patient on her left side and monitor. Which of the following indicates the correct flow range and delivery percentage for a nasal cannula? Select one: a. 2-4 lpm / 35% b. 1-6 lpm / 40% c. 2-8 lpm / 28% d. 10-15 lpm / 95% - b. 1-6 lpm / 40%