HESI
Pathophysiology
Exam V1 All New
55 Answers
,1. The nurse is caring for a client with liver
cirrhosis. Which diagnostic test
will most likely be altered because of liver damage?
A Bone scan.
B Serum
glucose. C MRI
of the chest. D
Colonoscopy.
With liver cirrhosis, there is an alteration in the function of
liver tissue. One function of the liver is to either breakdown
glycogen into glucose in response to
glucagon or produce glycogen in response to insulin. For the
client with liver cirrhosis, the blood glucose level could be
either too high or too low. Choices A,
C, and D are not specifically altered in liver cirrhosis.
2. A client recovering from a kidney transplant has an 8
mm area of induration after an intradermal PPD
tuberculin test. What will need to be
done prior to treating this client for active
tuberculosis? A Nothing since this is a diagnostic
indication of active disease. B Determine active
disease present through a chest x-ray.
C Conduct a multiple-puncture
tine test. D Evaluate results of
liver function tests.
A positive tuberculin test alone does not indicate active
disease. A chest x- ray
will be done to evaluate for the presence of dense lesions in
the apical and posterior segments of the upper lobe and
possible cavity formation. Choice A is
incorrect because a positive tuberculin skin test alone does
not indicate active
disease. Choice C is incorrect because a multiple-puncture
tine test is less accurate than the PPD test. Choice D is
incorrect because liver function tests are
obtained prior to treating with isoniazid. The client needs to
be diagnosed with
active tuberculosis first.
3. The nurse determines that a client is at risk for the
development of
,osteoporosis because of which assessment findings?
A African American female aged 45.
B Diagnosed with inflammatory bowel
disease. C Infrequent alcohol intake.
D Participates in walking 5 times a week for 30 minutes.
A malabsorption disorder, such as inflammatory bowel
disease, is a nonmodifiable
risk for the development of osteoporosis. This disorder will affect
, calcium absorption. Choice A is incorrect because African
American females have greater bone density than other
ethnic backgrounds. Choice C is incorrect
because heavy alcohol intake suppresses bone formation and
contributes to nutritional deficiencies associated with
osteoporosis. Choice D is incorrect because walking increases
blood flow to the bones and increases osteoblast growth and
activity.
4. A client’s latest electrocardiogram waveform is
demonstrating changes
in the ST segment. The nurse is concerned that the
client will begin to
demonstrate:
A Ventricular
dysrhythmias. B Atrial
dysrhythmias.
C Atrioventricular conduction
blocks. D Sinus arrhythmias.
Ventricular dysrhythmias originate in the ventricles. One
characteristic of this waveform is an abnormal ST segment.
Choice B is incorrect because P wave changes are seen in
atrial dysrhythmias. Choice C is incorrect because changes
would be seen in the QRS complex and P waves. Choice D is
incorrect because
a sinus arrhythmia is a sinus rhythm that fluctuates with
respirations. There are
no specific waveform changes with this arrhythmia.
5. A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus has
microalbuminuria. The nurse
should prepare to instruct the client on which treatment
for this clinical
finding? (Select all that apply.)
A Weight management.
B Hypertension
treatment. C Exercise.
D Reduce salt intake.
E Postural hypotension.
Microalbuminuria is an abnormal level of albumin in the urine.
For the client with
type 2 diabetes mellitus, management of this finding includes
weight management, control of hypertension, exercise, and
reduce salt intake.
Choice E
Pathophysiology
Exam V1 All New
55 Answers
,1. The nurse is caring for a client with liver
cirrhosis. Which diagnostic test
will most likely be altered because of liver damage?
A Bone scan.
B Serum
glucose. C MRI
of the chest. D
Colonoscopy.
With liver cirrhosis, there is an alteration in the function of
liver tissue. One function of the liver is to either breakdown
glycogen into glucose in response to
glucagon or produce glycogen in response to insulin. For the
client with liver cirrhosis, the blood glucose level could be
either too high or too low. Choices A,
C, and D are not specifically altered in liver cirrhosis.
2. A client recovering from a kidney transplant has an 8
mm area of induration after an intradermal PPD
tuberculin test. What will need to be
done prior to treating this client for active
tuberculosis? A Nothing since this is a diagnostic
indication of active disease. B Determine active
disease present through a chest x-ray.
C Conduct a multiple-puncture
tine test. D Evaluate results of
liver function tests.
A positive tuberculin test alone does not indicate active
disease. A chest x- ray
will be done to evaluate for the presence of dense lesions in
the apical and posterior segments of the upper lobe and
possible cavity formation. Choice A is
incorrect because a positive tuberculin skin test alone does
not indicate active
disease. Choice C is incorrect because a multiple-puncture
tine test is less accurate than the PPD test. Choice D is
incorrect because liver function tests are
obtained prior to treating with isoniazid. The client needs to
be diagnosed with
active tuberculosis first.
3. The nurse determines that a client is at risk for the
development of
,osteoporosis because of which assessment findings?
A African American female aged 45.
B Diagnosed with inflammatory bowel
disease. C Infrequent alcohol intake.
D Participates in walking 5 times a week for 30 minutes.
A malabsorption disorder, such as inflammatory bowel
disease, is a nonmodifiable
risk for the development of osteoporosis. This disorder will affect
, calcium absorption. Choice A is incorrect because African
American females have greater bone density than other
ethnic backgrounds. Choice C is incorrect
because heavy alcohol intake suppresses bone formation and
contributes to nutritional deficiencies associated with
osteoporosis. Choice D is incorrect because walking increases
blood flow to the bones and increases osteoblast growth and
activity.
4. A client’s latest electrocardiogram waveform is
demonstrating changes
in the ST segment. The nurse is concerned that the
client will begin to
demonstrate:
A Ventricular
dysrhythmias. B Atrial
dysrhythmias.
C Atrioventricular conduction
blocks. D Sinus arrhythmias.
Ventricular dysrhythmias originate in the ventricles. One
characteristic of this waveform is an abnormal ST segment.
Choice B is incorrect because P wave changes are seen in
atrial dysrhythmias. Choice C is incorrect because changes
would be seen in the QRS complex and P waves. Choice D is
incorrect because
a sinus arrhythmia is a sinus rhythm that fluctuates with
respirations. There are
no specific waveform changes with this arrhythmia.
5. A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus has
microalbuminuria. The nurse
should prepare to instruct the client on which treatment
for this clinical
finding? (Select all that apply.)
A Weight management.
B Hypertension
treatment. C Exercise.
D Reduce salt intake.
E Postural hypotension.
Microalbuminuria is an abnormal level of albumin in the urine.
For the client with
type 2 diabetes mellitus, management of this finding includes
weight management, control of hypertension, exercise, and
reduce salt intake.
Choice E
