Multiple sclerosis- HCA Notes
Created @January 21, 2023 5:01 PM
Tags
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the myelin sheath in the central
nervous system. This causes inflammation and scarring of neuron. This results in a
decrease in nerve signal transmission. This then leads to the individual experiencing
sensory and motor symptoms.
Multiple sclerosis- MS- Myelin sheath affected.
Quick facts
Immune related
Symptoms vary- Appear and disappear, relapsing- remitting MS
Woman 20-40 years are mostly affected
Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disorder that affects the myelin sheath of the neurons
in the central nervous system. This video will discuss the pathophysiology of multiple
sclerosis, signs and symptoms, nursing interventions, and medications used to treat
MS.
Multiple sclerosis tends to affect women more than men and tends to occur between the
ages of 20-40 years. It is an autoimmune condition where the immune system cells are
actually attacking the myelin sheath on the axon of the neuron.
What is the function of the myelin sheath? To protect and insulate the axon so nerve
transmission can occur. However, if the myelin sheath is damaged this causes
inflammation and scarring of the neuron, which will lead to a decrease in nerve
transmission. This is why sensory and motor symptoms can present in this condition.
Signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis vary among patients because lesions
(demyelination of the myelin sheath) can occur in various places. Therefore, typical
signs and symptoms include: fatigue, tingling/numbness of the face and extremities,
speech issues (dysarthria) this means difficulty speaking, coordination issues (ataxia),
dizziness, vertigo, vision issues (blurry vision, dark spots in visual field, nystagmus, pain
Multiple sclerosis- HCA Notes 1
, when moving the eyes etc.), tremors, muscle spasms, bowel and bladder problems
along with specific signs-
Lhermitte's Sign: this is where if the patient moves their head and neck in certain
positions it will elicit an electrical shock sensation down the body.
Uhthoff's Sign: experiencing extreme heat will make MS signs and symptoms worst.
Romberg's Sign: the patient loses coordination when closing eyes in a standing position
(their body becomes unaware of its position in space).
Signs and symptoms
Emotion and cognitive-
Drained (fatigued)
Depressed
Speech issues- This links to swallowing issues as well
Mood swings
Trouble thinking- Problems with focus, and issues with problem solving
Sensation-
Tremors
Spasms
Clumsy
Numbness/ tingling
Dizzy
Coordination/ positive romberg sign
A positive Romberg sign indicates that your patient’s having difficulty
with proprioception
—meaning his body has a faulty perception of where it is.
What does positive Romberg test indicate? – KnowledgeBurrow.com
Multiple sclerosis- HCA Notes 2
Created @January 21, 2023 5:01 PM
Tags
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the myelin sheath in the central
nervous system. This causes inflammation and scarring of neuron. This results in a
decrease in nerve signal transmission. This then leads to the individual experiencing
sensory and motor symptoms.
Multiple sclerosis- MS- Myelin sheath affected.
Quick facts
Immune related
Symptoms vary- Appear and disappear, relapsing- remitting MS
Woman 20-40 years are mostly affected
Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disorder that affects the myelin sheath of the neurons
in the central nervous system. This video will discuss the pathophysiology of multiple
sclerosis, signs and symptoms, nursing interventions, and medications used to treat
MS.
Multiple sclerosis tends to affect women more than men and tends to occur between the
ages of 20-40 years. It is an autoimmune condition where the immune system cells are
actually attacking the myelin sheath on the axon of the neuron.
What is the function of the myelin sheath? To protect and insulate the axon so nerve
transmission can occur. However, if the myelin sheath is damaged this causes
inflammation and scarring of the neuron, which will lead to a decrease in nerve
transmission. This is why sensory and motor symptoms can present in this condition.
Signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis vary among patients because lesions
(demyelination of the myelin sheath) can occur in various places. Therefore, typical
signs and symptoms include: fatigue, tingling/numbness of the face and extremities,
speech issues (dysarthria) this means difficulty speaking, coordination issues (ataxia),
dizziness, vertigo, vision issues (blurry vision, dark spots in visual field, nystagmus, pain
Multiple sclerosis- HCA Notes 1
, when moving the eyes etc.), tremors, muscle spasms, bowel and bladder problems
along with specific signs-
Lhermitte's Sign: this is where if the patient moves their head and neck in certain
positions it will elicit an electrical shock sensation down the body.
Uhthoff's Sign: experiencing extreme heat will make MS signs and symptoms worst.
Romberg's Sign: the patient loses coordination when closing eyes in a standing position
(their body becomes unaware of its position in space).
Signs and symptoms
Emotion and cognitive-
Drained (fatigued)
Depressed
Speech issues- This links to swallowing issues as well
Mood swings
Trouble thinking- Problems with focus, and issues with problem solving
Sensation-
Tremors
Spasms
Clumsy
Numbness/ tingling
Dizzy
Coordination/ positive romberg sign
A positive Romberg sign indicates that your patient’s having difficulty
with proprioception
—meaning his body has a faulty perception of where it is.
What does positive Romberg test indicate? – KnowledgeBurrow.com
Multiple sclerosis- HCA Notes 2
